escolas Flashcards
What is structuralism primarily concerned with?
The structure of the mind and the elements of consciousness.
True or False: Functionalism emphasizes the functions of mental processes in adapting to the environment.
True.
Fill in the blank: The founder of psychoanalysis is ______.
Sigmund Freud.
What does behaviorism focus on?
Observable behavior and the ways it can be learned or conditioned.
Who is associated with Gestalt psychology?
Max Wertheimer.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key principle of cognitive psychology? A) Behavior is learned through conditioning B) Consciousness can be broken down into elements C) The whole is greater than the sum of its parts D) Mental processes can be studied scientifically
D) Mental processes can be studied scientifically.
True or False: Humanism focuses on the study of the unconscious mind.
False.
What is the main focus of humanistic psychology?
Personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘Gestalt’ means ______ in German.
Shape or form.
Short Answer: What does the term ‘cognitive dissonance’ refer to?
The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or ideas.
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of free will and personal choice?
Humanism.
True or False: Structuralism was primarily developed in the 20th century.
False.
What is the primary method used by structuralists?
Introspection.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a key figure in behaviorism? A) John B. Watson B) B.F. Skinner C) Carl Rogers D) Ivan Pavlov
C) Carl Rogers.
Fill in the blank: ______ is the psychological perspective that studies how people perceive and experience their world as a whole.
Gestalt psychology.
What did Freud believe was the primary driver of human behavior?
Unconscious motives and conflicts.
True or False: Cognitive psychology emerged as a response to behaviorism.
True.
What is the focus of functionalism in psychology?
The purpose of mental processes and behavior in helping individuals adapt to their environment.
Short Answer: Name one key concept of cognitive psychology.
Information processing or memory.
Which psychological approach is characterized by an emphasis on the subjective experience of the individual?
Humanism.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method used in Gestalt psychology? A) Introspection B) Observation C) Experimentation D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
Fill in the blank: According to behaviorism, behavior is shaped by ______.
Environmental stimuli.
What is the main critique of structuralism?
It relies too heavily on introspection, which is subjective.
True or False: The humanistic approach considers people as inherently good and capable of personal growth.
True.
Short Answer: Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner.
What was a major contribution of cognitive psychology?
The development of models to understand mental processes.