behavorismo Flashcards
What is behaviorism in psychology?
Behaviorism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and the role of the environment in shaping behavior.
True or False: Behaviorism focuses on internal mental states.
False
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
Fill in the blank: Behaviorism argues that all behaviors are acquired through _____ and _____.
conditioning; reinforcement
What are the two main types of conditioning in behaviorism?
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Which psychologist is known for his work on classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? A) Giving a child a cookie for doing homework B) Taking away a toy for misbehavior C) Ignoring a behavior
A) Giving a child a cookie for doing homework
What is the main focus of behavior modification?
Behavior modification focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement and punishment.
True or False: Behaviorism dismisses the importance of genetics in behavior.
True
Fill in the blank: In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes a _____ stimulus after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
conditioned
What is a key criticism of behaviorism?
A key criticism is that it ignores mental processes and emotions.
Who developed the concept of the Skinner Box?
B.F. Skinner
Multiple Choice: Which term describes a stimulus that naturally triggers a response? A) Conditioned stimulus B) Unconditioned stimulus C) Neutral stimulus
B) Unconditioned stimulus
What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
True or False: Punishment always leads to the desired behavioral change.
False
Fill in the blank: In operant conditioning, _____ reinforcement strengthens a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
negative
What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?
Primary reinforcers satisfy basic needs, while secondary reinforcers are learned and associated with primary reinforcers.
Who is known for the theory of social learning, which incorporates behaviorism?
Albert Bandura
Multiple Choice: What is an example of vicarious reinforcement? A) Watching a friend get rewarded for good behavior B) Receiving a reward for your own behavior C) Feeling guilty for a wrong action
A) Watching a friend get rewarded for good behavior
What is the role of extinction in behaviorism?
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced, leading to a decrease in that behavior.
True or False: Behaviorism has no application in therapy.
False
Fill in the blank: The process of reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior is called _____.
shaping
What does the term ‘generalization’ refer to in behaviorism?
Generalization refers to the tendency for a conditioned response to occur in response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
