Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology and Transfusion Science > Erythropoiesis: > Flashcards

Erythropoiesis: Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do the products of erythropoiesis provide ?

A
  • A vehicle for the transport of haemoglobin, combines with O2 in lungs.
  • Transport CO2 from tissues to lungs for excretion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the RBC lifespan?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lineage of the eryrocyte?

A

Myeloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the progenitor cells for an erythrocyte?

A

BFU-E

CFU-E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the precursor cells for an erythrocyte?

A 
Pronormoblast
Basophilic normoblast
Polychromatic normoblast
Orthochromic normoblast
Polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the proliferation of blood cells occur simultaneously to?

A

The differentiation and maturation of the erythrocyte.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do red cells mature?

A

In the marrow, as they mature their cytoplasm changes. (from basophilic to eosinophilic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are red cells recycled?

A

In the spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do the red cells become eosinophilic and turn salmon pink with the addition of the Leishman stain ?

A

As the cell becomes hemoglobinized and stains with eosin, the acidic part of the Leishman stain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a reticulocyte and where it is newly released from?

A

This is a young erythrocyte, newly released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do reticulocytes have RNA ?

A

Yes they do, it is residual RNA from the erythrocyte precursors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stain is used on reticulocytes for their RNA?

A

A supravital stain such as new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is anoxia/hypoxia?

A

This is where there is less than a normal concentration of O2 in the blood.
Triggers EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the kidney do in response to hypoxia?

A

It triggers the production of erythropoietin.

EPO stimulates erythropoiesis by increasing the number of progenitor cells committed to erythropoiesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does EPO join on the precursor erythrocyte cells?

A

On the receptors of CFU/BFU cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is given to patients suffering from renal failure?

A

Given commercially recombinant erythropoietin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does EPO stimulate?

A

The production of RBC; leading to an increase in the number of RBC and the level of H available to carry O in the tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathway that erythropoietin receptor binds to?

A

JAK-STAT pathway - signals and effects transcription and the level of DNA and mRNA synthesis - increased levels of proliferation.

19
Q

Does erythropoietin affect the rate of the transfer of iron?

A

It does, it affects the rate of transfer of iron to the normoblast and the rate of haem synthesis.

20
Q

What is another name for normal erythropoiesis?

A

Normoblastic

21
Q

What is a myelogram?

A

This is the examination of the marrow.

22
Q

What is the proportion of late normoblast in the marrow?

A

70%

23
Q

What is the proportion of inter normoblast in the marrow?

A

20-30%

24
Q

What is the proportion of early normoblast in the marrow?

A

1-4%

25
Q

What is the proportion of pro-normoblast in the marrow?

A

1%

26
Q

What is MER?

A

This is the myeloid/erythroid ratio; this is the ratio of immature white cells to immature red cells in the marrow.

27
Q

What is the normal MER?

A

White:Red (marrow)
4:1
Due to lifespan of white cells in blood - short vs RBC 120 days.

28
Q

What is an example of MER in a patient with Leukaemia?

A

20:1

29
Q

When would there be a reduction in the MER ratio?

A
  • severe blood loss
  • destruction of RBC
    = increase in red cell precursors to boost red cell production
30
Q

What is produced instead of a normoblast in the marrow in the case of a vitamin B12 or FOLATE deficiency?

A

The marrow produces a megaloblast - large abnormal red cell precursors.
‘Megaloblastic’

31
Q

What is hyperplastic marrow?

A

This is an overproduction of cells in the marrow.

32
Q

What is aplasia or aplastic bone marrow?

A

This means that there is NO production of cells in the marrow.

33
Q

During severe blood loss or blood destruction what happens to the speed of cell division?

A

The intermitotic time: this shortens as there is an increase in the production of red cells as EPO is triggered from the lack of red cells.

34
Q

What occurs during cell division in iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Extra cell division resulting in smaller microcytic cells.

35
Q

What anaemia occurs when one or more mitotic steps are omitted?

A 
Megaloblastic anaemia (due to B12 or folate deficiency)
Macrocytic cells are produced.
36
Q

What are some of the tests used in the measurement of erythropoietin activity?

A 
FBC
Blood film
Marrow microscopy
EPO assay
Ferrokinetics - Fe59 (transferrin)
Reticulocyte count
Blood Vol
Red cell lifespan studies - Cr51
37
Q

What is the function of Ferrokinetics?

A

This is a test for the measurement of erythropoietic activity - isotope Fe5 is injected, transferrin takes it up it is transported into the marrow.
If the isotope reappears later in the H molecule in the red cells = normal E

38
Q

What is the function of red cell lifespan studies?

A

This is where the isotope Cr51 is tagged on a blood sample taken from the patient.
Inject cells back into patient.
Measure the lifespan of the injected cells
120 days.

39
Q

What is the name of the nuclear remnants found in a patient’s red blood cells post splenectomy?

A

Howell Jolly Body

Spleen incapable of removing some nuclear material, therefore it remains in the cell.

40
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow examinations that are often done together?

A

Marrow Aspiration

Marrow Trephine

41
Q

What does the marrow aspiration draw out?

A

A sample of the liquid portion of the marrow.

42
Q

What does the marrow trephine draw out?

A

Removes a small, more solid part of the bone marrow.

43
Q

Which bone is a bone marrow examination taken from?

A

Hip bone - os coxae

Haematology and Transfusion Science (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions