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Haematology and Transfusion Science > Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

Blood Coagulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Which blood coagulation factors greatly accelerate the reaction rate of the serine proteases factors?

A

V and VIII

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2
Q

What causes coagulation factors to activate?

A

tissue damage

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3
Q

What do some factors require in order to be synthesised?

A

Vitamin K

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4
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors?

A

II, VII, IX and X

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5
Q

What is the old historical ways to categorising the blood coagulation factors?

A

Intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathway.

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6
Q

What is the more modern way of categorising blood coagulation factors?

A

Cell model of Coagulation

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7
Q

What does Tissue factor VIIa (7) complex convert ?

A

V to Va leading to prothrombin becoming thrombin

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8
Q

What is the role of thrombin in the cell model of coagulation?

A

Convert factor 8 to 8a, 5 to 5a and 11 to 11a (5, 8, 11) - these all have the response in generating more 10A = more thrombin

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9
Q

What is added on to sufficient thrombin?

A

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and 13 to 13a (fibrin stabilizing factor)

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10
Q

Which factor is fibrin stabilising factor.

A

13 - 13a

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11
Q

What are the three phases involved in the cell model of coagulation?

A

Initiation (in vascular endothelial)
Amplification
Propagation

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12
Q

What is the central event in the cell model of coagulation?

A

Is the production of thrombin which converts fibrinogen to produce the fibrin clot.

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13
Q

Where is the cell model of coagulation finished?

A

On the platelet surface.

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14
Q

When does the initiation of the coagulation occur?

A

When tissue factor binds to activated factor VIII, the tissue factor is exposed to the circulating blood by the disruption of the endothelium on the vessel wall following tissue damage

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15
Q

Which factors amplify the whole cascade and result in the generation of large amounts of thrombin ?

A

VIII, V and XII - these eventually lead to the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin.

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16
Q

How are deficiencies in the coagulation factors detected?

A

Lab coagulation tests.

17
Q

What is the principle of a blood coagulation lab test?

A
  • add reagent to the patient plasma

- seeing how long it takes patient plasma to clot - generally related to the level of coagulation factors in the plasma.

18
Q

How is a plasma sample generated for blood factor coagulation examination?

A

Taking a sample of trisodium citrate blood and separating off the plasma.

19
Q

What is an important component of coagulation?

A

Calcium

20
Q

What is the name of the 2 tests used to universally screen for coagulation factor deficiences?

A
  • One Stage Prothrombin (PT)

- Activated partial Thromboplastin (APTT)

21
Q

What can unchecked blood coagulation lead to?

A

Dangerous occlusions of blood vessels such as Thrombosis - if protective mechanisms such as coagulation factor inhibitors, blood flow and fibrinolysis were not in operation.

22
Q

What are the 4 natural anticoagulants which

A

Protein S
Protein C
Antithrombin
Tissue Factor pathway inhibitor

23
Q

What does protein S inhibit?

A

VIIIa, XIa

24
Q

What does antithrombin inhibit?

A

Xa, IXa, XIa

25
Q

What does protein C inhibit?

A

This is a cofactor for protein C

26
Q

What does tissue factor pathway inhibitor inhibit?

A

Xa, VIII and tissue factor.

27
Q

What is the main outline of the fibrinolytic system?

A

Fibrin Lysis

28
Q

What does the fibrinolytic system help to ensure?

A

That the fibrin clot formed in response to tissue damage is localised to the site of vessel injury.
That the clot is removed after healing
It involves a number of enzymes that will break down and dissolve the clot once healing has occurred.

29
Q

What enzyme is involved in the degradation and dissolution of formed fibrin?

A

Proteolytic enzyme called plasmin.

30
Q

What does the fibrinolytic system involve from activator to inhibitor?

A

Plasminogen activators, plasminogen, plasmin (a) and fibrinolytic inhibitors.

31
Q

What breaks down fibrin?

A

Plasmin

32
Q

What is a fibrinogen degradation product example?

A

D dimer

33
Q

What does high levels of D dimer in the blood indicate?

A

Lots of fibrinolytic activity and is one of the tests used to check for excessive thrombocyte formation.

34
Q

What is the role of fibrinolytic inhibitors?

A

To keep a delicate balance on the system keeping at bay , inhibiting action of plasmin on fibrin.

Haematology and Transfusion Science (18 decks)

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