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Hematology > Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

White pulp contains: ____________
Red pulp contains: ____________

A

Lymphoid tissues that contains lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

Cord of billroth that contains specialized macrophages for removal of senescent RBCs

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2
Q

Primary regulator of eyrthropoiesis

A

Erythropoietin

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3
Q

EPO is produced primarily by….

A

Peritubular cells of the kidney (80-90%)

Liver (10-15%)

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4
Q

Primary source of EPO in fetus/unborn

A

Liver

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5
Q

Basic substances needed for normal RBC and Hgb production

A

Amino acids (proteins)
Iron
Vit B12
Vit B 6
Trace elements cobalt and nickel

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6
Q

Major stimulus of erythropoiesis

A

Hypoxia

Other stimulus:
Testosterone (direct), Estrogen, pituitary and thyroid hormones (indirect)

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7
Q

Erythroid Progenitor cell that resembles a cluster of grapes

A

Burst Forming Unit - Erythroid (BFU -E)

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8
Q

Value (range) of EPO level to maintain steady-state of erythropoiesis in adults

A

10 - 30IU/L

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9
Q

RBC precursor that has a chromatin pattern that suggest a wheel with broad spokes

A

Prorubricyte
Basophilic normoblast
Basophilic eyrthroblast

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10
Q

RBC precursor’s last stage capable of mitosis

A

Rubricyte
Polychromatophilic normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast

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11
Q

First stage of Hgb synthesis in RBC maturation stage

A

Rubricyte
Polychromatophilic normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast

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12
Q

Stage of RBC maturation where enucleation occurs

A

Metarubricyte
Orthochomic normoblast
Orthochromic erythroblast

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13
Q

Define Suckling pig phenomenon

A

Macrophages provide iron directly to normoblast for Hgb synthesis

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14
Q

The primary oxygen-sensing system of the body is located in ____

A

Peritubular fibroblasts of the kidney

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15
Q

RBC membrane is impermeable to _______________ and permeable to ___________

A

Na, K, Ca

Water, bicarbonate (HCO3), Cl

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16
Q

Factors that contribute to RBCs deformability

A

Geometry
Relative viscosity
Membrane elasticity

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17
Q

Demonstration of relationship between blood pH and oxygen affinity to Hgb

A

Bohr effect

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18
Q

RBC’s first stage of hemoglobin synthesis

A

Rubricyte

19
Q

RBC’s last stage of hemoglobin synthesis

A

Reticulocyte

20
Q

Heme synthesis occurs in the ____________

Globin synthesis occurs in the ______________

A

Mitochondria of normoblasts
Ribosome (controlled on Ch 16 for alpha, and Ch 11 for other chains)

21
Q

Responsible for the wine-red or portwine color of pophyric urine

A

Porphyrins

22
Q

Recommended test for lead poisoning

A

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP)

23
Q

Disease of heme metabolism

A

Porphyria

abnormality in porphyrin biosynthesis leading to accumulation and excretion of porphyrins or their precursors by the billiary and or renal route

24
Q

Most abundant transition metal in the body

A

Iron

25
Q

Iron transport protein that takes up Ferrous iron from the intestinal lumen to enterocytes

A

Divalent mono/metal transporter 1 (DMT)

26
Q

Once absorbed (enterocytes), it is exported to the circulation by the ______________

A

Ferroportin (Fpn1) - iron transport protein

27
Q

In the plasma, _______ (Ferric, Ferous) iron binds to _________ which is delivered into cells by binding to transmembrane glycoprotein: ______________

A

Ferric
Transferrin
Transferrin receptors (TfR)

28
Q

Master regulatory hormone of systemic iron metabolism. It regulates the transport of iron from enterocyte into the circulation

A

Hepcidin

29
Q

Hepcidin deficiency causes: __________
Over expression of hepcidin causes:_________

A

Iron overload syndromes
Microcytic anemia

30
Q

Reduces ingested/dietary iron into ferrous form before it can enter the enterocyte

A

Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb)

31
Q

Oxidizes iron as it exits the enterocyte and transported to circulation

A

Hephaestin

32
Q

Major storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

acute phase reactant, water soluble

33
Q

Second storage form of iron

A

Hemosiderin

water insoluble, form from degradation of ferritin, found in liver, spleen, BM

34
Q

Hgb A1 globin chains

A

2 alpha + 2 beta

35
Q

Hgb F globin chains

A

2 alpha + 2 gamma

36
Q

Compensatory hemoglobin

A

Hgb F

37
Q

Oxyhemoglobin: Hgb with ____________

Deoxyhemoglobin: Hgb with ____________

A

Ferrous + O2 = Arterial (Relaxed)
Ferrous w/o O2 = Venous (Tensed)

38
Q

INC HbCO will shift ODC to the _______

A

Left

39
Q

Brilliant cherry red color of blood indicates presence of _________

A

HbCO

40
Q

Causes chocolate discoloration of blood

A

Methemoglobin (Hemiglobin)

41
Q

Cyanosis and symptoms of hypoxia appear when _________

A

Methemoglobin (Hemiglobin) level is >30%

42
Q

Intravenous administration of __________ will reduce methemoglobin ferric to ferrous state

A

Methylene blue

43
Q

Mauve lavender blood color is caused by

A

Sulfhemoglobinemia

44
Q

Colorimetric (Direct/visual) method that uses Hcl to convert hemoglobin to brown colored acid hematin

A

Sahli’s method / Acid hematin

Hematology (6 decks)

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