Erythrocytes Flashcards
White pulp contains: ____________
Red pulp contains: ____________
Lymphoid tissues that contains lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
Cord of billroth that contains specialized macrophages for removal of senescent RBCs
Primary regulator of eyrthropoiesis
Erythropoietin
EPO is produced primarily by….
Peritubular cells of the kidney (80-90%)
Liver (10-15%)
Primary source of EPO in fetus/unborn
Liver
Basic substances needed for normal RBC and Hgb production
Amino acids (proteins)
Iron
Vit B12
Vit B 6
Trace elements cobalt and nickel
Major stimulus of erythropoiesis
Hypoxia
Other stimulus:
Testosterone (direct), Estrogen, pituitary and thyroid hormones (indirect)
Erythroid Progenitor cell that resembles a cluster of grapes
Burst Forming Unit - Erythroid (BFU -E)
Value (range) of EPO level to maintain steady-state of erythropoiesis in adults
10 - 30IU/L
RBC precursor that has a chromatin pattern that suggest a wheel with broad spokes
Prorubricyte
Basophilic normoblast
Basophilic eyrthroblast
RBC precursor’s last stage capable of mitosis
Rubricyte
Polychromatophilic normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
First stage of Hgb synthesis in RBC maturation stage
Rubricyte
Polychromatophilic normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Stage of RBC maturation where enucleation occurs
Metarubricyte
Orthochomic normoblast
Orthochromic erythroblast
Define Suckling pig phenomenon
Macrophages provide iron directly to normoblast for Hgb synthesis
The primary oxygen-sensing system of the body is located in ____
Peritubular fibroblasts of the kidney
RBC membrane is impermeable to _______________ and permeable to ___________
Na, K, Ca
Water, bicarbonate (HCO3), Cl
Factors that contribute to RBCs deformability
Geometry
Relative viscosity
Membrane elasticity
Demonstration of relationship between blood pH and oxygen affinity to Hgb
Bohr effect
RBC’s first stage of hemoglobin synthesis
Rubricyte
RBC’s last stage of hemoglobin synthesis
Reticulocyte
Heme synthesis occurs in the ____________
Globin synthesis occurs in the ______________
Mitochondria of normoblasts
Ribosome (controlled on Ch 16 for alpha, and Ch 11 for other chains)
Responsible for the wine-red or portwine color of pophyric urine
Porphyrins
Recommended test for lead poisoning
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP)
Disease of heme metabolism
Porphyria
abnormality in porphyrin biosynthesis leading to accumulation and excretion of porphyrins or their precursors by the billiary and or renal route
Most abundant transition metal in the body
Iron
Iron transport protein that takes up Ferrous iron from the intestinal lumen to enterocytes
Divalent mono/metal transporter 1 (DMT)
Once absorbed (enterocytes), it is exported to the circulation by the ______________
Ferroportin (Fpn1) - iron transport protein
In the plasma, _______ (Ferric, Ferous) iron binds to _________ which is delivered into cells by binding to transmembrane glycoprotein: ______________
Ferric
Transferrin
Transferrin receptors (TfR)
Master regulatory hormone of systemic iron metabolism. It regulates the transport of iron from enterocyte into the circulation
Hepcidin
Hepcidin deficiency causes: __________
Over expression of hepcidin causes:_________
Iron overload syndromes
Microcytic anemia
Reduces ingested/dietary iron into ferrous form before it can enter the enterocyte
Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb)
Oxidizes iron as it exits the enterocyte and transported to circulation
Hephaestin
Major storage form of iron
Ferritin
acute phase reactant, water soluble
Second storage form of iron
Hemosiderin
water insoluble, form from degradation of ferritin, found in liver, spleen, BM
Hgb A1 globin chains
2 alpha + 2 beta
Hgb F globin chains
2 alpha + 2 gamma
Compensatory hemoglobin
Hgb F
Oxyhemoglobin: Hgb with ____________
Deoxyhemoglobin: Hgb with ____________
Ferrous + O2 = Arterial (Relaxed)
Ferrous w/o O2 = Venous (Tensed)
INC HbCO will shift ODC to the _______
Left
Brilliant cherry red color of blood indicates presence of _________
HbCO
Causes chocolate discoloration of blood
Methemoglobin (Hemiglobin)
Cyanosis and symptoms of hypoxia appear when _________
Methemoglobin (Hemiglobin) level is >30%
Intravenous administration of __________ will reduce methemoglobin ferric to ferrous state
Methylene blue
Mauve lavender blood color is caused by
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Colorimetric (Direct/visual) method that uses Hcl to convert hemoglobin to brown colored acid hematin
Sahli’s method / Acid hematin
