Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development

Question 1

STAGES ARISE AS INDIVIDUALS GROW
AND FACE NEW DECISIONS AND
TURNING POINTS DURING CHILDHOOD,
ADOLESCENCE, AND ADULTHOOD. EACH
STAGE IS DEFINED BY TWO OPPOSING
PSYCHOLOGICAL TENDENCIES – ONE
POSITIVE/SYNTACTIC AND
NEGATIVE/DYSTONIC

Answer 1

erik erikson psychosocial theory of development

Question 2

stages

Answer 2

STAGE 1 – INFANCY PERIOD: TRUST
VS. MISTRUST (SYNTACTIC) (DYSTONIC)

STAGE 2 – EARLY CHILDHOOD PERIOD:
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

STAGE 3 – PLAY AGE PERIOD: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

STAGE 4 – SCHOOL AGE PERIOD: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

stages of adolescence

STAGE 5 – ADOLESCENCE
PERIOD: IDENTITY VS.
IDENTITY CONFUSION

stages of adulthood

STAGE 6 – YOUNG ADULTHOOD
PERIOD: INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

STAGE 7 – ADULTHOOD PERIOD: GENERATIVITY
VS. STAGNATION/SELF-ABSORPTION

STAGE 8 – OLD AGE PERIOD:
INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

Question 3

Virtue: Hope
Maldevelopment: Withdrawal
Concomitant Freudian stage: oral stage

Answer 3

STAGE 1 – INFANCY PERIOD: TRUST
VS. MISTRUST (SYNTACTIC) (DYSTONIC)

Question 4

Virtue: Will
Maldevelopment: Compulsion
Concomitant Freudian stage: anal stage

Answer 4

STAGE 2 – EARLY CHILDHOOD PERIOD:
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

Question 5

Virtue: Purpose
Maldevelopment: Inhibition
Concomitant Freudian stage: genital stage

Answer 5

STAGE 3 – PLAY AGE PERIOD: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

Question 6

Virtue: Competence
Maldevelopment: Inertia (passivity)
Concomitant Freudian stage: latency stage

Answer 6

STAGE 4 – SCHOOL AGE PERIOD: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

Question 7

Virtue: Fidelity
Maldevelopment: Repudiation

Answer 7

STAGE 5 – ADOLESCENCE
PERIOD: IDENTITY VS.
IDENTITY CONFUSION

Question 8

Virtue: Love
Maldevelopment: Distantiation

Virtue: Care
Maldevelopment: Rejectivity

Virtue: Wisdom
Maldevelopment: Disdain

Answer 8

STAGE 6 – YOUNG ADULTHOOD
PERIOD: INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

Question 9

Virtue: Love
Maldevelopment: Distantiation

Virtue: Care
Maldevelopment: Rejectivity

Virtue: Wisdom
Maldevelopment: Disdain

Answer 9

STAGE 7 – ADULTHOOD PERIOD: GENERATIVITY
VS. STAGNATION/SELF-ABSORPTION

Question 10

Virtue: Love
Maldevelopment: Distantiation

Virtue: Care
Maldevelopment: Rejectivity

Virtue: Wisdom
Maldevelopment: Disdain

Answer 10

STAGE 8 – OLD AGE PERIOD:
INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

Question 11

Infants learn to trust their caregivers and their environment. Trust is established through consistent and reliable care. Mistrust may develop if needs are not met consistently.

Answer 11

trust vs. mistrust

Question 12

Children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy. Encouragement and support for exploration foster autonomy, while criticism and overcontrol can lead to feelings of shame and doubt.

Answer 12

STAGE 2 – EARLY CHILDHOOD PERIOD:
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

Question 13

Children begin to take initiative in activities and play. They develop a sense of purpose and direction. Support for their initiatives encourages healthy development, while excessive control or criticism can lead to feelings of guilt.

Answer 13

STAGE 3 – PLAY AGE PERIOD: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

Question 14

Children develop competence and a sense of mastery in social and academic tasks. Success in tasks and positive feedback from peers and adults promote a sense of industry, while feelings of inferiority may arise from failure or negative feedback.

Answer 14

STAGE 4 – SCHOOL AGE PERIOD: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

Question 15

Adolescents explore and develop a sense of identity, including their values, beliefs, and goals. Successfully resolving this stage involves integrating various aspects of identity. Role confusion may occur if adolescents struggle to establish a coherent sense of self.

Answer 15

STAGE 5 – ADOLESCENCE
PERIOD: IDENTITY VS.
IDENTITY CONFUSION

Question 16

Young adults seek close relationships and develop intimate connections with others. Successful resolution involves forming meaningful relationships. Failure may result in feelings of loneliness and isolation.

Answer 16

STAGE 6 – YOUNG ADULTHOOD
PERIOD: INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

Question 17

Adults focus on contributing to society and future generations through work, family, and community involvement. Generativity involves a sense of productivity and making a positive impact. Stagnation occurs when individuals feel unproductive or lack purpose.

Answer 17

STAGE 7 – ADULTHOOD PERIOD: GENERATIVITY
VS. STAGNATION/SELF-ABSORPTION

Question 18

Older adults reflect on their lives and accomplishments. Successfully resolving this stage involves accepting one’s life as meaningful and worthwhile. Feelings of despair may arise from regret or unfulfilled goals.

Answer 18

STAGE 8 – OLD AGE PERIOD:
INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR