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SIU SOM: Anatomy > ERG RS2 > Flashcards

ERG RS2 Flashcards

1
Q

list the functions of a strong and coordinated abdominal core

A

-assists in breathing -control the rises in intra-abdominal pressure - assist in stabilizing the abdominopelvic organs -assist in micturition, defecation, and child birth -support the low back

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2
Q

which 3 muscles in the core work together to control abdominal cavity pressure

A

roof= diaphragm floor= pelvic floor sides= transverse abdominus

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3
Q

what pathology can increased abdominal pressure lead to

A

hiatal hernia

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4
Q

how are the abdominal organs protected

A

stomach, pancreas, liver, and kidneys are protected by the bones (ribs, pelvic, L1-L50) and muscles protect the rest

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5
Q

why is the linea alba a safe zone for cutting

A

has less vessels and nerves

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6
Q

what are the 2 layers of superficial fascia covering of the abdominal cavity

A

fatty layer= campers fascia membranous layer= scarpas fascia

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7
Q

name the layers of the abdominal wall in order

A

skin superficial fascia external oblique abdominal muscle internal oblique abdominis muscle transversus abdominis muscle transversalis fascia extraperitoneal fatty tissue peritoneum (parietal layer)

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8
Q

what spinal segment is the umbilicus at

A

T10

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9
Q

what spinal segment is the pubic line at

A

L1

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10
Q

name the green, blue, and purple structures

A

green: abdominal skin blue: spermatic cord purple: femoral triangle (top to bottom= nerve artery, vein)

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11
Q

identify the green, blue, and purple labels

A

green: external oblique muscle with aponeurosis reflected
blue: linea semilunaris (lateral edge rectus sheath)
purple: linea alba (medial edge of rectus sheath cut longitudinally)

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12
Q

name the purple, green, and blue labels

A

purple: reflected external oblique muscle and aponeurosis
green: internal oblique muscle, aponeurosis partially removed
blue: rectus sheath overing the rectus abdominus (6 pack)

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13
Q

what direction are the external oblique muscle fibers

A

anterolateral (hands in pocket)

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14
Q

what direction are the internal oblique muscel fibers

A

superomedial (hands in mouth, perpendiculaar to external oblique)

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15
Q

what direction are the transverse abdominus fibers

A

horizontal (toward the midline)

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16
Q

what makes up the anterior and posterior rectus sheaths

A

fusions of appeneurosis of anterolateral muscles

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17
Q

name the anterolateral muscles superior to deep

A

external oblique

internal oblique

transverse abdominus

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18
Q

what is surrounded by the anterior and posterior rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominus

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19
Q

what forms the anterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

external oblique ap and half of the internal oblique ap

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20
Q

where is the arcuate line

A

between the umbilicus and pubic symphasis

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21
Q

what makes up the posterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

half of the internal oblique ap and transversus abdominus ap

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22
Q

what makes up the anterior sheath below arcuate line

A

all three anterolateral muscle aps

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23
Q

what makes up the posterior rectus sheath below the pectinate line

A

nothing, it stops after arcuate line

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24
Q

tendonus intersections

A

connective tissue running horizontally on rectus abdominus (6 pack lines)

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25
Q

what is th elinea alba

A

where appeneurosis fuse, on the midline

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26
Q

semilunar line

A

white line that runs longitudinally along lateral rectus abdominus and on lateral anterior wall of rectus abdominus,

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27
Q

what artery and vein run on the posterior of the rectus abdominus where do they enter

A

the inferior epigastric artery and vein runs superiorly along rectus abdominus and enters ar arcuate line

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28
Q

what makes up the inguinal ligament

A

external oblique muscle appeneurosis

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29
Q

where is the superficial inguinal ring

A

external oblique appenerosis

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30
Q

where does the ingiunal ligament span

A

between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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31
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

extens from superficial inguinal ring to deep inguinal ring

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32
Q

where is the deep inguinal ring

A

inside the pelvis

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33
Q

what are the contents of the spermatic cord

A

vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, cremaster muscle

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34
Q

identify the pink label

A

rectus absominus muscle with rectus sheath partially reflected and pinned

35
Q

name the blue arrow

A

inguinal ligament

36
Q

name the blue, green, and pink labeled structures

A

blue: transversus abdominus
green: internal oblique
pink: external oblique

37
Q

what are the contents immerging from blue arrow labeled structer

what do they pass through to enter their final destination

what is their final destination

A

spermatic cord emerging from inguinal ligament

pass through superficial inguinal ring to end in scrotum

38
Q

name the encircled structure and what is labaeled with astrisk

A

spermatic cord

superficial inguinal ring

39
Q

when the campers fascia divides inferiorly, what is the deeper layer it gives rise to

A

scarpas fascia

40
Q

when the campers fascia disappears, the scarpas fascia continues as superior facia later in scrotum called:

A

dartos fascia

41
Q

what is the continuation of scarpa fascia on the penis

A

superficial penile fascia

42
Q

innervation of external oblique abdominus

movement

A

T6-T12, L1

lateral spinal flexion

43
Q

where does the external oblique muscle fibers become appenurossis

A

mid clavicular line

44
Q

innervation of internal oblique abdominis

A

T6-T12, L1

45
Q

internal oblique abdominis movement

A

spine lateral flexion

46
Q

what forms the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

A

internal oblique

47
Q

what forms lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament

A

transverse abdominis muscle

48
Q

innervation of transversus abdominis

A

T6-T12, L1

49
Q

rectus abdominus innervation

A

T6-12

50
Q

rectus abdominis movement

A

spine flexion

51
Q

between what leyers of the rectus sheath does the superior epigastric vessels run

A

between internal and transverse

52
Q

what muscles are used in spine flexion

A

external and internal obliques, rectus abodminis

53
Q

what muscles are used in spine rotation

A

external and contralateral internal oblique

54
Q

what is the inguinal triangle of hesselbach and what is it prone to

A

prone to hernia: pressure causes intesine to protrude

medially= rectus abdominus

inferior= inguinal ligament

laterally= ingerior epigastric artery

55
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

aquired

herniating bowel passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels, pusing through peritoneum and transversalis fascia in inguinal triangle to enter inguinal canal

not likely to enter scrotum

does not pass through deep inguinal ring

passes through superficial ring

56
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

congenital

herniating bowel passes lateral to ingerior epigastric vessels to enter deep inguinal ring

enters scrotum

passes through superficial inguinal ring

57
Q

what is found in the inguinal canal of females

A

round ligament of uterus

58
Q

what spinal cord level is responsible for cremasteric reflex

A

L1

59
Q

what forms the external spermatic fascia

A

fascia of external oblique muscle

60
Q

what forms cremaster muscle and fascia

A

fascia of internal oblique muscle

61
Q

what forms the internal spermatic fascia

A

fascia transversalis

62
Q

what is the blood supply and innervation of cremaster msucle

A

cremaster artery from inferior epigastric artery

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)

63
Q

What are the symtpoms of testicular torsion

A

belly pain, vommitting, testicular pain

64
Q

what physical exam manuver can test for testicular torsion

A

cremasteric reflex: touching inner thigh should cause the scrotum to rise

tests inguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral

65
Q

what is the rescue rate of testicular torsion at 6, 12, 24, and greater than 24 hours

A

90%, 50%, 10%, 0%

66
Q

how would you regionally partition the abdomen into 4 zones? 9 zones?

A

4 = right upper, left upper, right lowe, left lower quadrants

9 = right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac regions

67
Q

to make an incision into the abdominal cavity what are the layers you would have to cut through (superficial to deep)

A

skin

superficial fascia (camper’s and scarpa’s fascia)

external oblique abdominis muscle

internal oblique abdominis muscle

transversus abdominis muscle

transversus fascia

extraperitoneal fatty tissue

peritoneum (parietal layer)

68
Q

describe the lingual ligament

A

runs from pubic tubercle to anterior superior iliac spine

forms the base of the inguinal canal and boundary of inguinal canal

formed by the exernal oblique muscle appenerosus is is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh

69
Q

what is an umbilical hernia

A

intestine protrude through the muscles of the abdomen

70
Q

name the attachments of the round ligament

A

labia majora and the uterus (horns)

71
Q

why might yo insert your finger into the superficial ring and ask your patient to cough

A

to palapate if there is a hernia

72
Q

describe what is found within the median, medial, and lateral umbilical folds and their clinical significants

A

median midline fold: urachus

medial umbilical folds: medial umbilical ligament (obliterated umbilical artery)

lateral umbilical folds: inferior epigasteric artery and vein

73
Q

you notice a bulge in the inguinal region and determine that it originates medial to the inferior epigastric artery. What type of hernia is this most likely to be?

A. femoral hernia

B. direct inguinal hernia

C. indirect inguinal hernia

D. umbilical hernia

E. hiatal hernia

A

B. direct inguinal hernia

74
Q

layering of the rectus sheath changes at the arcuate line internally. What fascial layers would you find on the inner surface of the rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line?

A. fascia of external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

B. fascia of internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

C. fascia of the transversus abdominus, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

D. transversalis fascia, perietal periotneum

E. parietal peritoneum only

A

D. transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

75
Q

which of the abdominal fascia layers becomes the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord

A. external oblique

B. internal oblique fascia

C. transversus abdominis fascia

D. trasnversalis fascia

E. peritoneum

A

B. internal oblique fascia

76
Q

the dartos muscle and fascia of the scrotal sack are derived from which abdominal layer

A. external oblique

B. interna oblique fascia

C. transversus abdomins fascia

D. campers fascia

E. scarpas fascia

A

E. scarpas fascai

77
Q

where does the testicular artery (male) and ovarian artery (female) originate

A. aorta

B. inferior epigastric artery

C. common iliac artery

D. external iliac artery

E. internal pudendal artery

A

A. aorta

78
Q

identify the fascial layer at the arrow head

A. rectus sheath

B. scarp’s fascia

C. external oblique fascia

D. Camper’s fascia

E. fascia of the teninous insertion

A

D. camper’s fascia

79
Q

which of the following is beneath the rectangle

A. external oblique muscle

B. internal oblique muscle

C. transversus abdominus muscle

D. pyramidalis muscle

E. rectus abdominis muscle

A

B. internal oblique muscle

80
Q

the structyre labeled with an asterisk and arrow is which of the following

A. lucanar ligament

B. conjoint tendon

C. medial crux inguinal ligament

D. lateral crux inguinal ligament

E. inguinal ligament

A

E. inguinal ligament

81
Q

what is the structure labeled with the white asterisk and a red outline

A. superficial inguinal ring

B. deep inguinal ring

C. Hesselbach’s triangle

D. Vas deferens

E. pampiniform plexus

A

A. superficial inguinal ring

82
Q

math the numbers in the photograph with the structures listed below

A. lina semilunaris

B. external oblique fascia (inguinal ligament)

C. femoral nerve

D. femoral artery

A

A. 5

B. 4

C. 1

D. 2

83
Q

describe the solid arrow and dotted white line

A

solid arrow: spermatic chord which travels through the deep inguinal ring into the inguinal canal which is the white dotted line

84
Q

name each of the solid white arrows, astrisk and black line

A

astrisk: spermatic cord

arrows top to bottom: median, medial and lateral umbilical folds

black line: arcuate line

SIU SOM: Anatomy (12 decks)

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