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SIU SOM: Anatomy > ERG RS1 > Flashcards

ERG RS1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 movements of deglutition

A
  1. close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx 2. close larnyx (vocal and vestibulo folds- prevents food from entering trachea) 3. enlarge opening of esophagus
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2
Q

name the opening to the nasal cavity

A

choanae

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3
Q

clinical significance of the terminal sulcus

A

mark between the brachial arches so they have different innervation

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4
Q

what is a laryngoscope and what shape blade is optimal

A

it is used to displace the epiglottis when placing an endotacheal tube curved blade

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5
Q

how can opening the auditory tube can be beneficial

A

equalizing pressure

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6
Q

torus tubarius

A

mucosa surrounding the opening of the auditory tube, covering cartilage

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7
Q

another name for the pharyngel tonsil

A

adenoid

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8
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx and list the tonisils in each

A

nasopharynx: pharyngeal, tubal oropharynx: palatine, lingual laryngopharynx

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9
Q

salpingopharyngeus muscle function

A

connection to skull

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10
Q

levator veli palantini function

A

close nasopharynx

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11
Q

action of tensor veli palantini

A

flatten soft pakate to cose the nasopharynx

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12
Q

list the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus pltopharyngeus levator veli plantini tensor veli palatini

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13
Q

list the circular muscles of the pharynx

A

palatopharyngeal sphincter superior, middle, and inferior constrictor

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14
Q

name the faucia pillars

A

posterior pillar/palatopharyngeal arch anteiror pillar/palatoglossal arch

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15
Q

killian’s dehiscence

A

a potential gap/ weak area of the pharyngel wall (Killian’s triangle) between the inferior constrictor’s thyropharyngeal and circopharyngeal parts perforation can occur at this site during esophagoscopy aka Zenkers diverticulum when the esophagus pouches through the muscle food can get stuck in pouch difficulty swallowing can be detected with barium swallow test

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16
Q

describe the innervation of the pharynx

A

innervated by the pharyngeal plexus motor: all CN X except to the stylopharyngeus (IX) and the tensor veli palantini (V3) sensory: all IX except auditory tube (V2) and lower pharynx (X) gag reflex: aka pharyngeal reflex: stimulated by touching the soft palate or back of tongue and carried by X

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17
Q

blood supply to pharynx

A

external carotid (ascending pharyngeal, facial –> ascending palatine and tonsillar, mxillary–> pharyngeal) thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid –> pharyngeal)

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18
Q

waldeyers ring

A

pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils prevent microorganisms entering pharynx from the mouth and nose

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19
Q

list the blood supply to the tonsils in Waldeyers ring

A

ascending pharyngeal maxillary –> descending pallantine lingual –> dorsal lingual facial –> ascending palatine and tonsillar **major concern during tonsillectomy is the blood supply

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20
Q

from superior to inferior name the spaces/regions of the larynx

A

vestibule laryngeal ventricle infraglottic space

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21
Q

vocal fold

A

mucosa that covers the vocal ligament

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22
Q

vocal ligamtent

A

controls pitch pulling tight (can be done by lifting head) raises pitch

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23
Q

vesibular fold

A

aka false vocal mucosa covering more superior to vocal fold

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24
Q

what is the common name for the laryngeal prominence

A

adam’s apple

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25
Q

compare a cricothyroidotomy and traceoctomy

A

both create an opening for airflow through through the neck cricothyroidotomy: safer by avoiding blood vessels and nerves, is more commonly performed in emergency situations tracheoctomy: is performed lower where blood supply and nerves are at a greater risk, performed in hospitals for longer term

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26
Q

what is an important function of the blood supply to the nose

A

warms the air

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27
Q

describe the blood supply to the nose

A

internal carotid: opthalmic –> ethmoidal external carotid: maxiallry –> sphenoplatine –> lateral nasal and septal ; decending palatine –> greater palatine; facial –> labial

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28
Q

common site for epistxis

A

(nose bleeds) Keiselbach’s area if you press this area the nose bleed will stop

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29
Q

innervation of nose

A

olfactory trigeminal

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30
Q

name the paranasal sinuses

A

sphenoid frontal ethmoid maxillary

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31
Q

what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses

A

resonators of the voide reduce the skulls weight warm and moisten inhaled air shock absorbers in trauma

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32
Q

the sinuses drain their mucus to the nose, where does each sinus drain specifically

A

superor meatus: posterior ethmoidal cells middle meatus: middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sins, anterior ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinus inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct

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33
Q

parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

A

inferior salvitory nucleus CN: 9 (glassopharyngeal) Otic ganglion

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34
Q

parasympathetic innervation of ciliary and pupillary constrictor muscles

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus CN: 3 (oculomotor) ciliary ganglion

35
Q

parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual gland

A

nucleus: superior salvitory CN:7 (facial) submandibular ganglion chorda tympani

36
Q

parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland

A

nucleus: superior salvitory CN: 7 (facial) ganglion: pterygopalantine

37
Q

parasympathetic innervation of pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosal glands

A

nucleus: dorsal motor CN: 10 (vagus) dorsomotor vagal ganglion

38
Q

taste innervation

A

chord tympani of facial and glossopharyngeal

39
Q

name #1-5

A

1: hard palate
2: soft palate
3: nasal cavity
4: tongue
5: cranial vault

40
Q

name numbers 1-6 as well as the *

A

1: frontal sinus
2: ethmoid sinus
3: sphenoid sinus
4: superior concha
5: middle concha
6: inferio concha

*superior, middle, and inferior meatuses

41
Q

name A-F

A

A: hard palate

B: vestibule

C: antrum

D: sphenoethmoidal recess

E. opening to sphenoid sinus

F: soft palate

42
Q

what is the inerior and superior border of the nasal cavity

A

inferior: soft and hard palate
superior: frontal sinus, ethmoid bone, and sphenous sinus

43
Q

concha vs meatus

A

concha= turbinates

meatus: spaces below each concha

44
Q

semilunar hiatus

A

groove within the middle meatus which the frontal, anterior ethmoidal, and maxillary sinus

45
Q

where does the nasal lacrimal duct empy

A

inferior meatus

46
Q

what is the definition of a fold

A

mucosa covering muscle

47
Q

name the * and both of the arrows

A

*tarus tubarious

white arrow: opening of the eustachian/pharyngotympanic/auditory tube

dotted arrow: slpingopharyngeus fold

48
Q

name A-C

A

A. pharyngeal recess

B. pharyngeal tonsil (within the roof of nasopharynx)

C. pharyngeal constrictor muscles

49
Q

where is the tubal tonsil located

A

on the tarus tubarius

50
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx

51
Q

name the space posterior to tarus tubarios in which food can get stuck

A

nasopharyngeal space (this may be the same as pharyngeal recess)

52
Q

are pharyngeal constrictor muscles striated? voluntary?

A

striated and voluntary

53
Q

name 1-2 and the *

A

1: palatoglossal fold
2: palatopharyngeal fold

*: tonsillar bed

54
Q

name A-C

A

A: vallate papillae

B: geneoglossis

C: intrnsic muscles of tongue (4)

55
Q

what is significant about the vallate papillae formation

A

the are arranged in the shape of a V

at the point of the V is the foramen secum which divides the anteior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

the thyroid also begins at this point

56
Q

after the pillars/arches, what portion of hte pharynx begins

A

oropharnyx

57
Q

what space lies behind the constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

retropharyngeal space

it is filled with connective tissue that connects to the mediastinum

infections can spread from here to the mediastinum if the pharynx is punctured

58
Q
A
59
Q

name the white * and the yellow **

A

white *: epiglottis split midline

yello **: opening of the larynx

60
Q

name A-E

A

A: periform recess

B: laryngeal valleculae

C: false/vestibular fold

D: ventricle

E: true/vocal fold

61
Q

what are the laryngeal valleculae

A

space between tonges and epiglottis where food can get stuck

62
Q

what is the periform recess

A

another space that food can get stuck

63
Q

what space begins as you pass the true folds

A

ingraglottic space which is continuous with the trachea

64
Q

name the * and the white arrows

A

*: epiglottis split midline

white arrows: laryngeal valleculae

65
Q

name the * and the yelllow arrow

A

*: prominence of thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)

yellow arrow: ventricle

66
Q

put these four structures in order from superior to inferior: ventricle. true vocal fold, vestibular fold, laryngeal vestibule

A

laryngeal vestibule

vestibular fold

ventricle

true vocal fold

67
Q

name the green, red, orange, and purple labeled structures

A

green: vestibular fold
red: true vocal fold
purple: ventricle
orange: vestibule

68
Q

how would you regionally characterize the pharynx

A

fans posteromedially

from occiput to esophagus

behind nasal larynx, nasooralarynx, oralarynx, and laryngeolarynx

69
Q

what importnt structure is located in the nasopharynx and equilibrates pressure within the middle ear

A

estuchian tube surrounded by the tarus tubouriolis

70
Q

what muscles might you find in the nasopharynx vs the oropharynx

A

nasopharynx: salpingopharyngeous, levator palatine

oropharynx= tongue, palatoglossal, palatopharyngelal

71
Q

what is the inervation of the levator palatini, tensor veli palatini, and other pharyngeal muscles

A

levator palantini: CN X

tensor vili pakantini: V3

pharyngeal muscles: CN X (except: glassopharyngeal IX)

72
Q

what are the potential points of esophageal constriction

A

at start where laryngopharynx meats esophagus

where aortic arch crosses it in superior mediastinum

posterior mediastinum by left main bronchus

esophageal hiatus thorugh diaphragm

73
Q

where does fliud from the various paranasal air sinuses drain into the nasal cavity

A

superior meatus: posterior ethmoid cells

middle meatus: ethmoid bulge: middle ethmoidal cells; semilunar hiatus: frontal, anterior, ethmoidal, maxillary

inferior meatus: nasal lacrimal duct

74
Q

where might food particles or pills (eg aspirirn) lodge if they don’t make it down the esophagus

A. the laryngeal vestibule

B. the nasopharyngeal recess

C. the piriform recess

D. the epiglottic valleculae

E. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

75
Q

Which of the following are considered components of Waldeyer’s ring?

A. tubal tonsils

B. lingual tonsils

C. palatine tonsils

D. pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
E. All of the above

A

E. all of the above

76
Q

Which of the following arteries may contribute to epistaxis (nosebleed)?
A. ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery (internal carotid main source)
B. spenopalatine branches of the maxillary artery (extrernal carotid main source)

C. greater palatine branches of the maxillary artery (external carotid main source)

D. superior labial branches of the maxillary artery (extrernal carotid main source)

E. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

77
Q

the extrinsic muscles of the tongue listes below are all innervated by the XII nerve (hypoglossal) except which one?

A. hyoglossus

B. palatoglossus

C. styloglossus

D. genioglossus

E. all of the above are innervated by CN XII (hypoglassal n.)

A

B. palatoglossus

78
Q

Where is the preferred site to perform an emergency tracheostomy?

A. cricothyroid membrane

B. thyroid cartilage (laryngeal) prominence

C. laryngeal vestibular fold

D. thyrohyoid membrane

E. middle rings of the tracheal cartilage

A

A. cricothyroid membrane

79
Q

identify the structure at the arrow head

A. levator palatini muscle

B. taurus tubarious

C. opening of the eustacian tube

D. salpingpharyngeal fold

E. nasopharyngeal recess

A

D. salpingpharyngeal fold

80
Q

A. frontal sinus

B. anterior ethmoidal air cells

C. maxillary sinus

D hiatus semilunaris

E. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

81
Q

the space labeled with an asterisk (*) drains into which of the following areas of the nasal cavity?

A. superior nasal mmeatus

B. middle nasal meatus

C. inferior nasal meatus

D. sphenoethmoidal recess

E. nasal vestibule

A

D. sphenoethmoidal recess

82
Q

what muscle lies beneath the ridge labeled with the white astrisk

A. palatoglossus

B. palatopharyngeus

C. stylopharyngeus

D. levator palantini

E. tensor vili palatini

A

A palatoglossus

83
Q

match the numbers on the photograph with the structure listed below

A. true vocal fold

B. vestibular fold (false vocal fold)

C. larryngeal valleculae

D. laryngeal vestibule

E. laryngopharynx

A

A. true vocal fold- 5

B. vestibular fold- 4

C. larryngeal fold- 1

D. laryngeal vestibule- 2

E. laryngopharynx- 3

84
Q
A

SIU SOM: Anatomy (12 decks)

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