Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Equine Neurological Exam > Flashcards

Equine Neurological Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the relationship between white and grey matter in the brain..

A

White - inside

Grey - outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the relationship between the position of white and grey matter in the spinal cord…

A

White - outside

Grey - inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Of what is grey matter composed?

A

Cell bodies (nuclei) of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Of what is white matter composed?

A

Myelinated neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does white matter appear white?

A

Myelin is fatty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examination of which characteristics provide information about the forebrain?

A

Mentation and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stringhalt is the colloquial term for what?

A

Extreme hock and stifle hyperflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the clinical signs associated with cerebellar dysfunction…

A

Spastic/exaggerated movements
Absence/diminished menace response
Intention tremor
Ataxia without weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What comprises the brainstem?

A 
Pons
Medulla
Reticular formation
Ascending proprioceptive pathways
Descending motor pathways
Cranial nerve nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why might weakness and ataxia be associated with a brainstem lesion?

A

The brainstem contains ascending proprioceptive pathways and descending motor pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the afferent limb involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the efferent limb involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Parasympathetic fibres in the oculomotor nerve (CNIII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the pathway involved in the menace response..

A

Optic nerve - Optic chiasm - Thalamus - Opposite occipital cortex - Facial nerve and nuclei - Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is vision best assessed in the horse?

A

Walking a horse around and between obstacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cranial nerves control eye position?

A

Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducent (VI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the retractor oculi reflex

A

Retraction of the globe when pressing on the cornea through the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outline the classic signs of cerebral disease…

A 
Head pressing
Yawning excessively
Behavioural changes
Head turns
Generalised seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the reticular formation?

A

To alter the level of consciousness

19
Q

Where would you localise a lesion causing cranial never problems, ataxia and paresis?

A

Brainstem

20
Q

Define nystagmus

A

Regular, uncontrolled movements of the eye within the socket

21
Q

Horizontal nystagmus is a classic sign of….

A

Peripheral vestibular disease

22
Q

Vertical nystagmus is a classic sign of…

A

Central vestibular disease

23
Q

What therapy would you provide for a horse unable to blink?

A

Sub-palpebral lavage

24
Q

Which cranial nerve provides afferent limb of the retractor oculi reflex?

A

Trigeminal (CNV)

25
Q

Which cranial nerve provides the efferent limb of the retractor oculi reflex?

A

Abducens (VI)

26
Q

Motor dysfunction of which cranial nerve would result in the muscle atrophy of the mastication muscles?

A

Trigeminal (CNV)

27
Q

Motor and sensory dysfunction of which cranial nerve would result in the lack of response and lip droop?

A

Trigeminal (CNV)

28
Q

Describe ptosis…

A

Weakness of the eyelid (lashes point down vertically)

29
Q

Which cranial nerve provides pharyngeal and laryngeal function?

A

Glossophargyneal (IX)

Vagus (X)

30
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Interruption of the sympathetic pathway between the hypothalamus and the eye

31
Q

Outline the clinical signs of Horner’s syndroe…

A 
Ptosis
Miosis
Enopthalmus
Prominent third eyelid
Conjunctival hyperaemia
Sweating
32
Q

What controls the amount horses sweat?

A

Blood flow to the sweat glands

33
Q

Define ataxia

A

A functional deficit associated with defective proprioception

34
Q

What nerves supply the neck?

A

Vertebral

35
Q

Outline how ataxia can appear in the horse…

A

Hypermetria
Hypometria
Dysmetria
Truncal sway

36
Q

What sensory organs are responsible for proprioception?

A

Muscle spindles

Golgi tendon organs

37
Q

What is the purpose of UMNs?

A

Control muscles

38
Q

What is the purpose of LMNs?

A

Contract muscles

39
Q

Give the key distinction between the appearance of ataxia vs lameness in the horse

A

Ataxia is irregularly irregular where as lameness is regularly irregular

40
Q

What type of tail pull would you use to assess LMNs?

A

Standing

41
Q

What type of tail pull would you use to asses UMNs?

A

Walking

42
Q

Describe UMN weakness in the horse…

A

Inability to control muscles
Normal/increased tone
No muscle atrophy

43
Q

Describe LMN weakness in the horse…

A

Inability to contract muscles
Flaccidity
Muscle atrophy (if chronic)

44
Q

Which diagnostic tools could be used to ascertain if lameness is caused by muscle weakness?

A

CK and AST measurements

Neurology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions