Equine Male Urogenital Sx Flashcards
What produces spermatozoa?
Testis
Which cells of the epididymis nourish spermatozoa vs. produce androgens?
Sertoli cells nourish spermatozoa
Leydig cells produce androgens
What is the gubernaculum?
Proper ligament of the testis
Where are foal testis located at birth?
Inguinal canal
How does descent of the testes occur?
Gubernaculum shortens during gestation and pulls the retro parietal lying testes into the scrotum
What are other terms used to describe a cryptorchid patient?
Rig
Ridgling
Original
High flanker
What problems can arise from a cryptorchid patient?
Reduced sperm production
Aggressive behavior
What are the three forms of cryptorchidism?
Inguinal
Abdominal
Incomplete abdominal
What is the most common form of cryptorchidism?
Left-sided abdominal retention
Think “Left Larger”- the testicle is too large to fit through the inguinal canal
What are some causes that lead to cryptorchidism?
Improper function of gubernaculum
Inguinal ring too small in diameter
Hormone imbalance
Herediatry
What is the incidence of cryptorchidism in equids based on forms?
Unilateral> bilateral; Left= Right; Inguinal=Abdominal
What side of the testicle is most commonly retained in the inguinal region?
Right
What are some different diagnostics that can be used for cryptorchidism?
Stallion-like behavior
Palpation
Ultrasound
Laparoscopy
What are the 8 steps for a cryptorchidectomy?
- Standing
- General anesthesia
- Finding the gubernaculum
- Everting vaginal process
- Ligation
- Emasculation
- Closed technique
- Suture
Why should you isolate from mares for two days?
May still be some spermatozoa in the genital tract
What are some complications of cryptorchidectomy surgery?
Swelling Hemorrhage Scirrhous cord formation Hydrocele Evisceration Peritonitis Continued masculine behavior Continued fertility
What could be some possible causes of swelling post-op?
Inadequate wound drainage
Inadequate post-op exercise
Poor lymphatic drainage
Excessive surgical trauma
What artery will commonly get hemorrhaged?
Testicular artery
What are some CS to watch out for if you are concerned for intra-abdominal hemorrhage?
Pale MM and a dramatic increase in pulse
How can hemorrhage be prevented?
Proper ligation
Why should non-absorbable suture be avoided?
The body will see it as a foreign body and reject it and could lead to scirrhous cord formation (septic funiculitis)
What is the treatment for scirrhous cord formation?
Surgery and then culture
Strip away infection and re-ligate stump on healthy tissue
What is a fluid-filled, painless swelling that comes from the vaginal tunic known as?
Hydrocele
What is the difference of proud cut vs. false rigs?
Proud cut: retention of epididymal tissue (hormone producing tissue)- sx removal necessary
False rigs: horses castrated at an OLD age (psychic cause that has turned into a reflex)
