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LA Sx Exam 1 RUSVM > Diagnosis Lameness in Horses > Flashcards

Diagnosis Lameness in Horses Flashcards

1
Q

What are three reasons a lameness exam is performed?

A

Lame horse
Pre-purchase exam
Poor performance

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2
Q

What is a pre-purchase exam?

A

See if a horse is appropriate for the type of job the buyer wants to do

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3
Q

What are the three categories that can attribute to lameness?

A

Neurologic
Metabolic
Mechanical

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4
Q

What is the primary goal in lameness exam?

A

Localization and diagnosis

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5
Q

What are the seven classic types of lameness diagnostic tests?

A 
Hx
PE
Palpation
Observation
Flexion
Nerve blocks
Imaging
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6
Q

T/F: Osteoarthritis warms OUT of the lameness

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What percentage of lameness in equine is contributed to the foot?

A

80-90%

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8
Q

What should be tested with hoof testers?

A

Wall
Sole
Frog
Heels

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9
Q

Hoof testers identifies what kind of pain?

A

Focal pain

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10
Q

What SHOULD NOT be squeezed w/ hoof testers?

A

Coronary band

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11
Q

What is particular about the stride with a lame horse?

A

Stride=shortened

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12
Q

What is a gait lameness graded from?

A

Straight away
Circles
Under saddle

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13
Q

When can saddle lameness evaluation be helpful?

A

When you may be concerned for mild lameness

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14
Q

What surface type is best for evaluation of lameness?

A

Firm and even surface (paved parking lot)

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15
Q

How can you tell which forelimb is sound when observing during a lameness exam?

A

“Down on Sound”

The head rises when lame limb is weight bearing and down when sound limb is weight bearing

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16
Q

How can you tell which hindlimb is sound when observing during a lameness exam?

A

Head goes down when lame limb is weightbearing

Increased gluteal excursion in lame limb

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17
Q

Grade 1 lameness

A

Difficult to observe, inconsistent

18
Q

Grade 2 lameness

A

Difficult to observe in a straight line but consistently apparent under certain circumstances (circling, hard surface and inclined)

19
Q

Grade 3 lameness

A

consistently observable at a trot under all cirucmstances

20
Q

Grade 4 lameness

A

Obvious lameness w/ marked head nod, hitching, shortened stride

21
Q

Grade 5 lameness

A

Minimal weight bearing/NWB, inability/reluctance to move

22
Q

What is noticed upon observation when a peroneus tertius rupture is present?

A

Hock extended while stifle is flexed

Weight bearing lameness but drag foot

23
Q

What is the difference in prognosis w/ a peroneus tertius rupture distally vs. proximally?

A

Distally (@insertion site): good

Proximally (@origin site): worse

24
Q

What is an upward fixation of patella (locking patella)

A

Patella cannot be dis-engaged and gets stuck on medial trochelar ridge of femur
Hindlimb in rigid extension

25
Q

What muscle is weak in the locking patella?

A

Quadriceps are not strong enough to engage it to lift up and off the ridge

26
Q

What is the treatment for locking patella?

A

Medial patella desmotomy or desmoplasty

27
Q

Desmoplasty

A

Incise slits into medial patellar ligament to create inflammation and fibrose

28
Q

What is stringhalt?

A

Hyper-reflexive gait in hind limbs (almost touches abdomen when flexed)

29
Q

T/F: Stride length is shortened with stringhalt

A

FALSE- stride length not affected

30
Q

What should be done in a patient with locking patella that you don’t give anti-inflammatories to?

A

Exercise- try backing them up to unlock the patella

Only do this with a patient that you do not give anti-inflammatories to

31
Q

When is stringhalt treated?

A

When there are performance issues

32
Q

In horses with fibrotic myopathy- where is this commonly observed and what is seen?

A

Fibrosis in hamstrings

Shortened cranial phase- when bring foot forward, can’t extend far and jerks back on the ground

33
Q

What should be done immediately following flexion of a limb?

A

Trot in straight line immediately after flexion
Positive test: exacerbated lameness
False positive: occurs in young commonly, may be sore for a few steps and then walk it off

34
Q

How long should you hold the distal forelimb in flexed position for flexion test?

A

30 seconds

35
Q

What joints are flexed for a distal forelimb flexion test?

A

Fetlock, pastern, coffin

36
Q

How long should you hold the proximal forelimb in flexion?

A

60 seconds

37
Q

What joints are flexed for the proximal forelimb flexion test?

A

Shoulder, elbow, carpus

38
Q

What joints are flexed in the distal hindlimb flexion test and how long do you hold this?

A

Fetlock, pastern, coffin joint

30 seconds

39
Q

How long is the proximal hindlimb flexed for in a flexion test?

A

90 seconds

40
Q

T/F: Proximal hindlimb flexion test is hock specific

A

FALSE

LA Sx Exam 1 RUSVM (14 decks)

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