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Clinical Anatomy > Equine Foot and Forelimb > Flashcards

Equine Foot and Forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

Fill out the directional terms in the diagram

A
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2
Q

fill out the chart

A
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3
Q

At what point does the front of the forelimb and hindlimb switch from cranial to dorsal?

A

carpus/tarsus down

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4
Q

how do you tell the difference between for fore and hind limb?

A

fore - carpus
hind - tarsus

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5
Q

where do lower number bones reside - lateral or medial?

A

medial

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6
Q

where do higher number bones reside - lateral or medial?

A

lateral

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7
Q

why are nerve blocks done?

A

-diagnose lameness
-desensitize area for surgery
-help us learn anatomy (for this course)

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8
Q

what does the palmar/planter digital nerve block desensitize?

A

palmar/plantar 2/3s of foot

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9
Q

what are the structures that are desensitized by palmar/planter digital nerve block?

A

sole, navicular structures, distal interphalangeal joint, distal DDFT, distal sesamoidean ligamnets

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10
Q

what nerves does the palmar/plantar digital nerve block?

A

medial & lateral palmar/plantar digital nerves

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11
Q

what nerves does the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

medial and lateral palmar/plantar nervers

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12
Q

what are the structures that are desensitized by abaxial sesamoid nerve block?

A

foot, second phalanx, proximal interphalangeal joint, distopalmar/plantar aspect of proximal phalanx, digital portions of SDFT & DDFT, distal sesamoidean ligaments, distal annular ligaments

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13
Q

what nerves does the low-4 point/low palmar nerve block blocks?

A

medial & lateral palmar/plantar nerves
medial & lateral palmar/plantar metacarpal nerves

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14
Q

what is desensitized by the low 4-point/low palmar nerve block?

A

metacarpo-/-tarsophalangeal joint and structures distal
distal aspects of suspensory branches

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15
Q

what nerves are desensitized by the high 4-point/high palmar nerve block?

A

medial & lateral palmar nerves
medial & lateral palmar metacarpal nerves

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16
Q

what structures are desensitized with the high 4-point/high palmar nerve block?

A

MC2, MC4, proximal suspensory ligament/origin, inferior check ligament, DDFT, SDFT

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17
Q

What is desensitized in a distal interphalangeal joint block?

A

joint
navicular bursa

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18
Q

what joints are in the carpus?

A

radiocarpal joint
middle/inter carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint

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19
Q

what is desensitized with a metacarpo-/tarsophalangeal joint block?

A

joint

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20
Q

label each joint

A
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21
Q

which joints of the carpus communicate?

A

middle/inter carpal joint
carpometacarpal joint

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22
Q

label the bones

A
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23
Q

where is the accessory carpal bone always located?

A

lateral

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24
Q

what is desensitized in a radiocarpal joint block?

A

radiocarpal joint only

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25
what is desensitized in a middle/intercarpal joint block?
middle/intercarpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
26
what are the layers of the hoof laminae?
epidermal laminae dermal laminae
27
what is the epidermal laminae attached to?
hoof wall
28
what is the dermal laminae attached to?
P3
29
what is laminitis?
inflammation of the laminae
30
what are the two types of laminitis?
rotation of P3 sinking of P3 w/in hoof capsule
31
what type of stance does laminitis horses typically have?
sawhorse stance
32
which is normal and which is disease? what disease?
L - normal R - laminitis
33
which laminia is sensitive and which is insensitive?
sensitive - dermal insensitive - epidermal
34
what is the most common cause of chronic forelimb lameness?
navicular disease
35
what is navicular disease?
chronic degenerative condition of navicular bone
36
what is the highlighted part?
lamina separating from hoof wall
37
which will appear overnight - laminitis or navicular disease?
laminitis navicular disease develops over time
38
what happens with the navicular bone degenerating?
-loss of medullary architecture -bone sclerosis & fibrocartilage damage on flexor surface of bone -traumatic fibrillation of DDF tendon -enthesiophyte formation on proximal and distal borders of bone
39
what is a bursa?
pocket of fluid that protects ligament going over bone
40
which is normal and which is diseased? what is the disease?
L - normal R - navicular disease
41
what are the arrows?
42
what is an enthesiophyte?
soft tissue attachment to bone -> bony spur
43
what is happening to the navicular bone?
Edema
44
what are structures that can be affected with penetrating wounds of the foot?
Ungual/collateral cartilage * Digital flexor tendon sheath Deep digital flexor tendon * Navicular bursa Navicular bone * Distal interphalangeal joint Third phalanx/P3 *= structure by synovial joints
45
what are the structures that are by synovial joints that can be affected by a penetrating foot injury?
Digital flexor tendon sheath Navicular bursa Distal interphalangeal joint
46
what is tendonitis?
inflammation of a tendon
47
what is desmitis?
inflammation of a ligament
48
what is the general rule for healing with tendonitis and desmitis?
one month for each letter tendon = 6 months ligament = 8 months
49
what is each structure in the equine distal limb ultrasound?
50
which is normal and abnormal? what is the disease?
superficial digital flexor tendonitis
51
what is the arrow pointing to?
hematoma
52
what is the disease in this image?
deep digital flexor tendonitis
53
what is the arrow pointing to?
origin of suspensory ligament
54
which tendon is lacerated in each image?
55
what disease is this?
suspensory ligament desmitis
56
what disease is this?
suspensory ligament desmitis
57
which nerve block is being done?
Palmar/plantar digital nerve block (aka heel block)
58
which nerve block is being done?
abaxial sesamoid nerve block
59
which nerve block is being done?
low 4-point/ low palmar nerve block
60
which nerve block is being done?
high 4-point/high palmar nerve block
61
which block is being done?
distal interphalangeal joint/block
62
which block is being done?
metocarpo-/-tarsophalangeal joint/block
63
which block is being done?
radiocarpal joint/block
64
which block is being done?
middle/intercarpal joint

Clinical Anatomy (11 decks)

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