Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine Master > Equine Fluids (MR) > Flashcards

Equine Fluids (MR) Flashcards

1
Q

In horses which fluid type can not be used?

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the water in a horse?

A

60% of Body Weight ICF is 40% of b.w. ECF is 20% of b.w - Plasma 25%, Interstitial 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is different about a foals fluid status? Why?

A

Water % is higher = 75 - 80% of b.w. Diet is mainly milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does higher TBW affet higher specific gravity of foals?

A

much lower 1.003-1.008 is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Milk diet Na+ in mare milk?

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal daily fluid requirements for Adult Horses?

A

50ml / kg / day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Sensible loses in a horse?

A

Fecal water loss Renal water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Insensible losses?

A

Evaporation from skin & respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is maintenance for horse?

A

Sensible + Insensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Water consumption in horses is related to?

A

Eating = peri-prandial drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Water % of grass?

A

90.00%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Failure to replace insensible losses leads to?

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples that lead to loss of isotonic body?

A

Blood loss Diarrhea - Na+ loss Gastric reflux = Cl- loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Evidence of fluid deficit: Hypovolemia?

A

loss of circulatory (blood) volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evidence of fluid deficit: Dehydration?

A

Excessive loss of total body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ongoing losses?

A

Diarrhea Gastric reflux Excessive sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you determine if your Horse Need Fluids?Hypovolemia?Dehydration?

A

Thorough PE!!!!!! Heart rate Respiratory rate Pulse pressure Jugular fill Cold extremities Urine output (s.g.) Dehydration: Tacky Oral m.m. Skin tent (Sunken eyes) - more reliable in foals CRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is normal specific gravity in horse? Foal?

A

1.025 (- 1.065) 1.003-1.008

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is PCV unreliable in horse?TP?

A

Splenic contraction in stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Laboratory Evaluation of Dehydration?

A

PCV/TP (not sensitive or specific) - not reliable Lactate (product of anaerobic metabolism) – reliable Creatinine / BUN - sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can you measure volume status?

A

Central Venous Pressure Affected by head position (cfr jugular pulse)

22
Q

Normal CVP in horse?

A

7-12 mm HG is normal in adults - only referral centers

23
Q

How do you take Mean Arterial Pressure?

A

Tail cuff

24
Q

What routes can you use to administer fluids in horses? When should each be used?

A

IV: essential for resuscitation PO/Enteral: only when GI tract is normal Intra Peritoneal: rare in horses Subcutaneous: veryyyyy rare in horses

25
Q

Sites for IV catheter placement? Alternatives? Why?

A

Jugular vein - 1º site in horses Cephalic vein Horses - higher risk of kink. Smaller volume Lateral thoracic vein - difficult to place. Usually over the wire. Stays longer than cephalic. Smaller volume. Jugular Vein thrombus

26
Q

What size catheter?

A

10 - 14 g Large bore catheter

27
Q

Catheter options in Equine Medicine: big consideration?

A

Time needed bc inflammation

28
Q

Catheter material:

A

Teflon easy, cheap, thrombogenetic (>24hr) Polyurethane - can stay a couple of weeks

29
Q

Complications of IV fluid therapy?

A

Thrombophlebitis!!!! - very prone to inflammation. Overhydration in neonates / foals

30
Q

Which fluids are available for horses?

A

Crystalloids: Isotonic / polyionic fluids (280 mEq/L) Hypertonic saline solution (HSS). Colloids: Plasma Synthetic colloids (hetastarch /pentastarch) Isotonic = Polyionic solutions

31
Q

When is dextrose used?

A

Liver problems, Foals

32
Q

What fluid would you use for a hypoproteinemic horse?

A

Plasma Colloids (synthetic) Keep fluid in vascular space. Crystalloid would cause ventral edema

33
Q

How much fluid is needed?

A

Liters of water ‘lost’ = B.W. in kg x estimated % of dehydration (500 kg x 6% = 30 liters)

34
Q

How do you formulate a Fluid Therapy Plan? 4 overlapping phases?

A

1: Resuscitation (< 2 hours) 2: Rehydration (12-24 hours) 3: Maintenance 4: Ongoing losses

35
Q

Shock dose of fluids in Horse? 8% of body weight (one blood volume) For 500kg horse =

A

50-80ml/kg 40L !! Often clinically impractical. Begin rapid administration of crystalloids. Reassess Goal Directed Therapy (HR↓, lactate↓, PCV/TP↓, CRT↓) - after 15 min

36
Q

What is normal osmolality?

A

280 smol/L

37
Q

When isotonic fluid is not enough what should you give?

A

Hypertonic Saline Solution (HSS) 7% Sodium Chloride 1200mEq Na + 1200mEq Cl = 2400Osmol/L 2-4 ml/kg bolus (1-2L per 500kg) Immediate vascular expansion 2-3x the volume that is infused Alters the ECF (hypertonic) Leads to a shift in the ICF!!!!!

38
Q

Big concern with fluids for e-lyte shifts? Why? Where?

A

Hyponatremia Chronic vs Acute Brain edema Demyelination Syndrome

39
Q

What is rule in horses for giving hypertonic saline?

A

Every 1L HSS needs replacement with 10L isotonic fluid!!!!!! Then reassess

40
Q

Natural Colloid & Synthetic Colloids? What are the types? What do they do? what are they especially useful for?

A

Equine Plasma Hetastarch(US) Pentastarch(EU). Contain large molecules that remain in the vascular space . Plug capillary endothelium. Improve plasma oncotic pressure . Hypoproteinemia

41
Q

Rehydration Formula for horse? How long to achieve? When can enteral route be used? Fluid choice? Remember to do what with fluids?

A

Deficit= dehydration= % body water lost. Amount (L) = % dehydration X body weight (kg). 12-24 hours. Use enteral fluids if GI tract is healthy - cheaper & safer. Isotonic crystalloids Correct electrolyte imbalance

42
Q

Maintenance in horse?

A

50 ml / kg / day. 1 liter/hr maintenance (500kg horse). Electrolyte supplementation if existing deficit /or if on fluids > 24 hours

43
Q

Minimum dehydration required for clinical signs to appear?

A

5%Maintenance:

44
Q

Base kind of fluids you use on?

A

Actual measurement of electrolytes and blood gases

45
Q

Which electrolytes are important and added to fluids?

A

Ca2+, K+

46
Q

Calcium: Added to each 5L bag?

A

25ml 23% calcium-gluconate / liter

47
Q

Potassium: when added to fluids? How much?

A

hypokalemia or on iv fluids > 24h (and not eating) 10-40mEq / liter

48
Q

In the absence of laboratory parameters of exact electrolyte status, what is the best choice for fluids?

A

Balanced isotonic/polyionic fluid

49
Q

In equine medicine what is the only use for hypertonic saline?

A

Resuscitation

50
Q

In horse with colic when is it safe to give enteral fluids?

A

When impaction is distal to cecum because a lot of water is absorbed in cecum, so you wont rupture stomach.

51
Q

How many L can you give in the stomach of horse?

A

500kg = 6 - 8 L

52
Q

To soften impaction how much fluid should be given?

A

2X Maintenance

Clinical Medicine Master (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions