equine endocrinopathies Flashcards
pathophysiology of PPID
loss of DA inhibition, melanotropes hypertrophy = overproduction of B-endorphin, a-MSH, CLIP and modest increase in ACTH, Can compress local areas too
early clinical sign of PPID
laminitis, decreased performance, regional hypertrichosis, delayed shedding, wieght loss w regional adiposity, change in attitude/lethargy
advanced clinical signs of PPID
lethargy, neuro defecits/blind, hyperglycaemia, muscle atrophy, rounded abdo, laminitis, hyperhydrosis, PU/PD, no shedding, recurrent infections
dx of PPID
hormone assays - basal ACTH conc (may not detect early), insulin dysregulation tests, dynamic tests - TRH stim test
mx tx of PPID
DA agonist, cortisol antagonists, 5-HT agonist
prognosis for PPID
animals can live for a long time, laminitis tends to be limiting factor, tx for life!
signs of EMS
obesity, regional adiposity, insulin dysreg, hyperTGaemia, hypertension, pro-inflam state, altered adipokines
dx of EMS
detect insulin dysfunction - dynamic test = combined glucose-insulin test, oral glucose test, oral sugar test
tx of EMS
wieght reduction, exercise, drugs - thyroxine (increases metabolic rate until weight lost), also can try supplements and nutraceutical