Equine Clinical Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Reproductive history
A
- results of previous breedings
- type of breeding
- stallion choices
- stallion fertility
- examine breeding records
- foaling history
- trauma
- behavioral history
2
Q
Older maiden mare syndrome
A
Fibrosis of cervix
3
Q
History
A
- general health
- diet
- vaccination status
- intended use of horse
- drug administration (anabolic steroids)
4
Q
General physical exam
A
- body condition of mare –> look at teeth
- ideal BCS is 5
5
Q
Reproductive exam
A
- rectal palpation
- US
- vaginal exam
- cytologic exam uterine swab
- histopathology of endometrium
- hyterescopic exam
6
Q
Evaluation of external genitalia
A
- ascertain conformation
- long axis vertical
- labia well apposed
- is vulvar seal tight
- look at clitoris, check for intersex conditions
7
Q
____ of vulva should be below the floor of the pelvis
A
75-80%
8
Q
_____ cranial slope of vulva is normal
A
< 10 degree
9
Q
Caslick’s surgery
A
Dorsal portion of vulva will heal together until it is removed 6-8 days prior to foaling
10
Q
What are the 3 barriers to the uterine lumen?
A
- vulvar seal: Caslick’s procedure to prevent wind sucking
- vestibulovaginal sphincter
- cervix
11
Q
What can you feel on a rectal exam?
A
- length, diameter, tone of cervix
- proper size and location of ovaries (bean shaped)
- tubular horns in T shape
- cervix is palpable in pelvic floor (palpated thru the vagina)
12
Q
Ultrasound exam
A
Scan both ovaries and uterus
- look for CL and follicle development
- uterus has a wagon wheel appearance during heat
13
Q
Uterine abnormalities
A
- uterine cysts
- fluid
- air: echo dense, appears bright on US
- tumor
14
Q
Speculum vaginal exam
A
Sterile!
- assess vulvovaginal sphincter tone
- urine pooling
- persistent hymen
- recto vaginal fistula
- cervical tears
- varicose veins
15
Q
Cervical tears are best evaluated when the mare is in ______
A
Diestrus
