eq - 3 Flashcards
What is the pattern of migration in London?
Lots of in and out migration, majority of people leaving London are moving to areas in the SE and majority of people migrating in are from the Midlands and the North e.g. Newcastle and Manchester experience 4001-7000 people migrating to London in 2009-2012.
pros of a flow line diagram
- shows the places people went from and to
- shows patterns visually
cons of a flow line diagram
- doesn’t show exact number of people
- prone to human error recording or reading
How many internal migrants between regions was there in the UK in 2014?
2.9 million
Who are typically the inflows and outflows of London?
- largely young adults moving to London
- mainly older adults moving out of London to other areas of the UK
what is the ‘north-south drift’
the general movement of people from northern parts of the UK to the SE and particularly London
When was the ‘north-south drift’ most prominent?
for most of the twentieth century. Got started during the seer economic depression in the 1930’s. it continued for most of the twentieth century and was reinforced by a perception of a better quality of life in the south.
What is suburbanisation?
people moving from the inner cities to the suburbs
What is brain drain
the movement of smart young people out of an area meaning the region is lacking higher educated people.
What did the north south borough increase in other regions?
polarised propensity
What is the pattern of net migration in the NE?
Not much change apart from people in 20s as for 20-24 there was about net 4000 leaving this could be people leaving after uni for jobs requiring higher education. for 15-19 year olds there is a net inflow of 4000 people entering the NE probably for uni / education
What is the pattern of net migration in London?
London experiences lots of change and is losing people rather than gaining in most age ranges. this is apart from 20-24 where they gain 25,000 people and 25-29 where they experience a net gain of about 10,000 but from 30+ more people are more likely leaving London rather than moving to London,
explain post colonial migration
- post war rebuild of economy and bomb damage
- European migrants infrastructure so commonwealth citizens are provided free migration
- 1970 1.4 million non-white citizens in the uk up from a few thousand in 1945
- uk become a multicultural society with various race relation acts and in 2010 the equality act
- first settled in major cities and were poorly payed and were hard to find home.
explain post 1990 migration flows and the EU
- people moved due to eastern Europe collapse of communism
- Eu allows free movement of people from member countries
- in 2008 global rescission changed migration situation
- gov made it difficult to enter country
- immigration became a major issue
Describe the distribution of internal migrants in the UK
SE of the uk experiences generally more migration especially in the major cities e.g. London but in the north there is the anomalies of Manchester and Dundee to name a few.
Why have some migrants moved to rural areas?
- mass amount of agriculture jobs
- some come temporarily for money then return to country
Positives of migration in Boston
- Proving a needed workforce for the areas especially manual work on farms
- the larger population helps to keep services going and creates a wider variety of jobs in the community
- the immigrants have opened shops and services for local people
- Immigrants have brought social vitality to a remote rural town, which might otherwise have had an ageing population.
Negatives of migration in Boston
- Pressures on some services have increased because of the larger number of people
- There is increased competition for jobs and reduced pay levels, as immigrants are prepared to work for less and do longer hours of work
- Some immigrants do not speak fluent English and start school without knowing any English which makes it hard to try fit in
- A minority of immigrants abuse the benefits system
- send money to their families back in their home country rather than spending it in the local area
Why are migrants attracted to Boston?
attracted that they can work long hours and earn(by Polish standards) large sums of money. The work they do is referred to as picking, packing and plucking’ and by UK standards it is poorly paid.
What are the positive impacts of international migration to the UK?
- increased younger population to help with the ageing population and stop the rising retirement age
- more money in the local economy
- jobs which arent desirable get people willing to do the work
What are the negative impacts of international migration to the UK?
- immigrants sharing homes and as a collective spending more on the rent leading to the rent prices becoming unaffordable for the original residents and families
- industries becoming reliant on migrant work so when/if inflows of migrants stop they will be in shock
- The national average is £13.33/hour but Boston averages 9.13/hour
is the migration to Boston positive?
well, it helps the local agriculture industry bu doing jobs previously not having much demand for people to do. also helps reduce the retirement age which is rising. but negatively house prices are rising to unaffordable prices.
what is ethnic segregation?
the separation or isolation of a race, class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area.
what might force ethnic groups to choose a particular place to live in an urban area?
- house prices
- feel more at home / safe
- near to ports + airports
- job opportunities
- safety and security
- places of worship
- with people who speak the same language
define an enclave
An area with a high concentration of migrants and where individual groups of migrants have become the permanent population in a particular area
what are internal factors causing segregation?
the overall wish of the minority group to segregate
what are external factors causing segregation?
Usually the host population forcing the segregation
what are the internal factors causing segregation?
- Providing support via families, welfare/community organisations, religious centres, ethnic shops etc
- encouraging friendship and marriages within ethnic groups / reducing contact with the majority population that may counter the culture of the minority
- protecting against racist abuse and attacks from members of the majority population as they are with people similar to them
- Increasing political influence/power in local area
- more opportunities to use minority language
