eq-1

Question 1

What were the two reasons why during the second half of the 1900s population growth was very much concentrated in the south of England and much of the north experienced very little growth?

Answer 1

1. The rising economic prosperity of the SE as a hub for finance and business.
2. The decline of the manufacturing industry in the North and Midlands and the fall of traditional heavy industries in the NE like coal mining, iron and steel making.

Question 2

What is the term used for the redistribution of pop in the UK?

Answer 2

The north-south drift.

Question 3

How has the pop distribution changed between 2001 and 2011?

Answer 3

There has been a slight evening out…

Question 4

how does population density change across the rural-urban continuum?

Answer 4

at the CBD density is lower as this area is usually where shops and businesses are located but then it increases at the inner-urban fringe falls again at the inner-suburban depression and rises slightly at the urban fringe then it falls off this is known as the urban fringe cliff where rural settlements and commuter towns are located.

Question 5

what factors break the generalisation of the graph?

Answer 5

Socio-economic status
physical enviroment
dwelling type and houhold size
functions
planning

Question 6

How does Socio-economic status affect pop density?

Answer 6

The more wealthy members of urban society live in the most expensive housing in areas of low housing and population densities. they are also usially away from pollution to the west side of cities to avoid pollution.

Question 7

How does physical enviroment affect population density?

Answer 7

Fairly flat areas are good for residential development as it is cheaper so are more likley to be used which may change the distance

Question 8

How does dwelling type and hosehold size affect population denstity?

Answer 8

It isnt just housing density it is the size eg: is it a flat block or a street of semi-detached homes and also how mant people live in each home.

Question 9

How does functions affect population denstity?

Answer 9

The non resedential activites impact the population density. it will be lower where housing is intermixed with non-residential activies. the location of activies eg: manufacvturing have a negative impactr on the quality of the living enviroment of close areas.

Question 10

How does planning affect population density?

Answer 10

green belt land stops urban sprawl but planners and planning permission also control the density.

Question 11

what is a population pyramid?

Answer 11

The breakdown of the population by gender and age at a point in time and is two histograms one for each gender.

Question 12

what is the uk’s population pyramid like (in 2011)?

Answer 12

A slight increace in birth rate and there is a longern life expectancy this could be due to advances in medication the reason for higher birtgs is a natural birth rate increace the baby boom cvan be sen as 60-64 is larger than the ages around.

Question 13

what has happend to family size in the uk and why?

Answer 13

it has decreaced due to more women working and bewing in education and fertility rate has increaced so people dont need mjltiple children incase some die there is alse btter / more commononly used contraception.

Question 14

what would a population of a rural settlement be?

Answer 14

older
lowere ppulation density
lower fertility rate
more internal migration
not much international migration
lower ethnic diversity
higher death rates

Question 15

what would a population of a urban settlement be?

Answer 15

younger
hihgher population density
higher rates of population growth
higher stress rates
better healthcare avalability
higher fertility rates
more ethnic diversity

Question 16

What was the biggest cause of population change for most of the 1900’s and what is the biggest cause now?

Answer 16

Natural Change (births-deaths) was the biggest cause pre 1990’s but since around then net international migration has been significantly higher especially in the 100’s where Net international migraton was nearly triple antural increace.

Question 17

what evedance / reasons explain the key changes in migration?

Answer 17

1964-1968 - The Creation of the EEC the UK was not yet involved in what was to be the EU began to take shape following the creation of the European Economic Community in 1957. This meant free movement of workers was established. Workers within the EEC (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) were now free to work in whichever EEC country they close. and in 1973 the UK joined allongside Denmark and RO Irealand.

1968-1976 - Global Unrest in Kenya and Uganda led to many African Asians fleeing. Many came to the UK as they were Commonwealth citizens who had relocated to Africa in times of the British Empire. It is estimated that 83,000 immigrants from the Commonwealth have settled in the UK since 1968.

The Ten Pound Poms between 1945 and 1982, UK citizens were encouraged to relocate to Australia to populate the country and increase the labour force. The Assisted Passage Migration Scheme meant adults could get a ticket for just £10, while children went free but once you were there you had to stay for two years and over 1.5 million people took the risk.

The 1988 Immigration Act ensured that workers with freedom of movement in the EEC did not need permission to enter or remain in the UK.

1990 saw an enlarged and unified Germany become an EEC member.

Creation of EU and the Channel Tunnel in 1993-1994.

The 1993 Maastricht Treaty established the European Union (EU). It introduced EU citizenship for all nationals of the member states, not just workers - this meant all EU nationals were now free to live wherever they wished to within the EU.

The Channel Tunnel also opened in 1994 enabling easier transportation between the UK and Europe.

The EU Expansion from 1995 to 1999 Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the EU and the Hong Kong Handover In 1995.

Furthur EU expoansion in 2004.

Question 18

What has shaped elswick to be the way it is today?

Answer 18

Elswick changed significantly in the late 1800’s with the extension of the railway from Carlisle to Newcastle in 1839 and the establishment of Armstrong’s manufacturing works in 1847.

Tyneside flats were built in the area around Scotswood Road to accommodate the workforce. By 1900, terraced housing covered almost the entire area. The riverside was filled with industries, notably Armstrong’s huge factory.

Elswick was hit hard by the decline of Tyneside’s shipbuilding industry during the second half of the 1900’s, and by the 1990’s was widely regarded as one of the most challenging and deprived of Tyneside, if not the whole of Britain.

Question 19

What has shaped Jesmond to be the way it is today?

Answer 19

Jesmond was built to house the owners and managers of factories and the clerical workers in better paid jobs in the city centre. The richer people were able to build large family houses, with space for several servants, often on land overlooking the open spaces of Jesmond Dene or the Town Moor.

Around the middle of the 20th century, some of the families in the biggest houses were no longer able to run the houses. They were too big to manage without servants and people were no longer willing to accept the low wages and restrictions of servant life. Many of the big houses were taken over by businesses. Then other houses, particularly those a little further from the centre, were sublet to the rapidly growing student population. In fact, studentification, almost the opposite of the better-known gentrification, has led to massive changes in large parts of Jesmond over the last 25 years or so.

Stentification is when large family houses became too big and expensive to run, the inhabitants move out and the properties are subdivided and let to students. When several houses on a street become student lets, the nature of the area starts to change. There is more noise, gardens are less carefully tended, several old cars may be parked in the street etc. Consequently, there can be tension between the old and new residents and there may be pressure on the remaining families to move out of the area, leaving more properties for student lets. The whole area deteriorates and moves downmarket.

Each year, there are net inflows of 16 to 21 year olds with A-levels from all regions. Many of these were likely due to students moving into the city for university. However there are also two outflows of graduates from the city: firstly of young graduates moving to London, and secondly of older graduates moving elsewhere within the North East. This does raise the issue of a brain drain taking place from the suburb.

During the 1960’s, there were several residential tower blocks constructed across Newcastle, as elsewhere in the UK and Europe, Only one such tower was constructed in Jesmond, the 28 storey Vale House, in Jesmond Vale. Although only the one tower was built in Jesmond, it was the tallest tower to be constructed in Newcastle, and 50 years later, it still is.

Question 20

what is social clustering?

Answer 20

It is a preference for living close to people you wich to be with an example of this is the hindu comunity in Wembley, London.

Question 21

How does acesability and physical factors affect cultural diversity?

Answer 21

Detirmined by acessability to major cities

Remote areas offer very little employment for migrants and become mainly white british

Key entry points are more popular eg: airports and ports.

Question 22

Gov Policies

Answer 22

After ww2 the UK suffered labour shortages in facories and healthcarre etc and black afro-carabeins began arriving from 1948 onwards to fill in jobs in london and most settled in brixton, cadford etc.

Since 1995 the shenger agreement began to allow passport free movemnt of the eu but britand di not sign up + retaindeits border control.

Question 23

How is imigration affecting the UK’s population strucure?

Answer 23

Without increacing the retirement age the dependancy of the population will increacses and the size of the working population falls and immigration helps rebalance this beacase immigrants tend to be younger and are more likly to work than then the home population which helps increace he gov’s tax revenue + support the ageing population.