EPPP- Social and Cultural Basis of Behavior

Question 1

Schemas are organized patterns of thought and behavior that help us derive hypotheses about incoming stimuli and provide a sense of prediction and control. Schemas function as ALL of the following accept:

a. Evaluation- uses information to compare to others
b. Role playing- defines the scripts for how we should behave
c. Identification- helps to categorize information about others
d. Acculturation- defines how others are like you

Answer 1

d. Acculturation- defines how others are like you

Question 2

Schemas are self-sustaining and exist in the face of contradictory evidence. Research has focused on four types of schemas though there are many types. Which below is NOT identified as a type of schema

a. person
b. event
c. self
d. mental

Answer 2

d. mental

Question 3

In making attributions about behavior, we tend to commit biases and errors. Fundamental attribution error is a common bias that states:

a. the tendency to overvalue personal factors and undervalue situational factors when explaining the behavior of others
b. the tendency to attribute personal factors for success and external factors for failure
c. the tendency to attribute personal factors to others’ failure and situational factors to personal failure
d. the tendency to undervalue personal factors and overvalue situational factors when explaining others behavior

Answer 3

a. the tendency to overvalue personal factors and undervalue situational factors when explaining the behavior of others

Question 4

There are several types of social influence. All except which of the following is not a type of social influence:

a. minority influence
b. dynamic social impact
c. persuasion
d. social power

Answer 4

d. social power

Question 5

The Zimbardo prison experiments represent which type of social influence:

a. informational conformity
b. internalization
c. obedience
d. peer pressure

Answer 5

c. obedience

Question 6

Which of the following human mating strategies occurs when females compete for access to numerous males, and after mating with one male, leave him and the offspring?

a. monogamy
b. polygyny
c. polyandry
d. short term

Answer 6

c. polyandry

Question 7

Research on motivations underlying empathy-induced behavior includes:

a. altruistic
b. egoist
c. antisocial
d. both A and B

Answer 7

d. both A and B

Question 8

Empathy is evoked under the following situations except:

a. sharing emotions and feelings
b. valuing another’s welfare
c. recognizing kinship
d. seeking others who are dissimilar

Answer 8

d. seeking others who are dissimilar

Question 9

Freud’s psychodynamic theory of personality posits that the _____ develops at 4 or 5 years of age to block the _____ socially unacceptable drives.

a. ego; id
b. ego; super ego
c. super ego; ego
d. super ego; id

Answer 9

d. super ego; id

Question 10

A therapist who conceptualizes a client’s behavior as the result of learned consequences likely ascribes to which theory of personality?

a. behavioral
b. social cognitive
c. humanistic
d. existential

Answer 10

a. behavioral

Question 11

Someone who views disability as the result of a loss of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community likely ascribes to what model of disability?

a. medical model
b. market model
c. social model
d. economic model

Answer 11

c. social model

Question 12

Which of the following is not consistent with the requirements established by the Americans with Disabilities Act?

a. employers must make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees
b. drug tests must be given to all applicants, not just those with disabilities
c. pre-employment measures must be related to job requirements
d. disabled persons are considered qualified for a position if they are able to perform the essential functions of the job

Answer 12

b. drug tests must be given to all applicants, not just those with disabilities

Question 13

According to Berry’s (1987) model of acculturation, a woman who withdraws from the dominant culture and accepts her own culture is in what category of acculturation status?

a. marginalization
b. assimilation
c. integration
d. separation

Answer 13

d. separation

Question 14

The tendency of a patient to attribute his past job success to his intelligence, skill, and hard work, and attribute recent failures to situational factors can be described using the:

a. actor-observer bias
b. learned helplessness model
c. self-attribution effect
d. self-serving bias

Answer 14

d. self-serving bias

Question 15

Crowding has been linked with a number of negative outcomes, including all of the following except:

a. poor performance on simple tasks
b. juvenile delinquency
c. mental health problems
d. poor academic performance

Answer 15

a. poor performance on simple tasks

Question 16

A conflict arises when a person must choose between two jobs that both have positive and negative aspects is which type of conflict?

a. double approach approach
b. approach approach
c. double approach avoidance
d. approach avoidance

Answer 16

c. double approach avoidance

Question 17

A company that was striving to increase person-organization fit would have the most success by using which of the following strategies?

a. revising selection process of new employees
b. increasing financial compensation
c. increasing medical benefits
d. adapting a more relaxed work environment

Answer 17

a. revising selection process of new employees

Question 18

According to Cross and Vandiver (2001), which stage of identity development is associated with an awareness and interest in developing a Black identity?

a. pre-encounter
b. immersion-emersion
c. internalization
d. encounter

Answer 18

d. encounter

Question 19

Sexual prejudice is correlated with all of the following except:

a. older age
b. heterosexual women
c. lower levels of education
d. living in a rural area

Answer 19

b. heterosexual women

Question 20

The idea that the acquisition of a gender-role identity results from the combination of social learning and cognitive development is most consistent with which theory of gender identity development?

a. psychodynamic theory
b. social learning theory
c. cognitive behavioral theory
d. gender schema theory

Answer 20

d. gender schema theory

Question 21

According to Berry’s model of acculturation, a person who does not identify with his or her own culture or the majority culture is in what status?

a. assimilation
b. integration
c. marginalization
d. separation

Answer 21

c. marginalization

Question 22

The gain-loss theory of attraction posits that attraction is maximized when the individual’s evaluation of a person is at first _____ and then changes to _____.

a. neutral; positive
b. negative; positive
c. negative; neutral
d. positive, neutral

Answer 22

b. negative; positive

Question 23

The Bobo doll studies demonstrated that aggressive behaviors arise through the observation of others. This research supports which theory of aggression?

a. social learning
b. deindividualtion
c. frustration-aggression
d. role adaptation

Answer 23

a. social learning

Question 24

_____ is defined as intolerant, unfair, or negative attitudes toward an individual because of his or her group membership.

a. discrimination
b. stereotyping
c. oppression
d. prejudice

Answer 24

d. prejudice

Question 25

Allport (1954) argued that intergroup prejudice arises from a combination of all the following factors except:

a. cultural
b. economic
c. historical
d. geographic

Answer 25

d. geographic

Question 26

Myers-Briggs type indicators grew out of whose work on personality theory?

a. Adler
b. Jung
c. Rogers
d. Kelin

Answer 26

b. Jung

Question 27

Anxiety _____ desire to affiliate and in anxiety-provoking situations social comparison is a _____ potent cause of affiliation that relief from discomfort.

a. increases; more
b. increases; less
c. decreases; more
d. decreases; less

Answer 27

a. increases; more

Question 28

A therapist who focuses on a patient’s judgments and beliefs in treatment likely ascribes to which model of personality?

a. behavioral
b. psychodynamic
c. structural
d. cognitive

Answer 28

d. cognitive

Question 29

According to Troiden’s model of homosexual identity development, during which stage do individuals begin to align with the homosexual community?

a. stage 2
b. stage 3
c. stage 4
d. stage 5

Answer 29

b. stage 3

Question 30

According to Cialdini, the propensity to be influenced by another person is increased due to all of the following factors except:

a. authority
b. abundance
c. reciprocity
d. liking

Answer 30

b. abundance