EPPP- Growth and Life Span Development

Question 1

“Development”

a. is synonymous with growth
b. follows the same invariable sequence for most individuals
c. is a variable process of relatively enduring growth and change that makes an individual better adapted to the environment
d. is primarily a biological maturational process determined by an individual’s genotype
e. stops at the end of adolecence/in early adulthood

Answer 1

c. is a variable process of relatively enduring growth and change that makes an individual better adapted to the environment

Question 2

The phenotype is:

a. the set of genes an individual inherits
b. all the settings with which the individual directly interacts
c. the observable appearance and characteristics a child develops
d. entirely determined by the genotype

Answer 2

c. the observable appearance and characteristics a child develops

Question 3

A sensitive period in an individual’s development:

a. could also be called and “all or nothing” period
b. Is only relevant to sensory processes
c. is a stage theory
d. is a time of heightened sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli

Answer 3

d. is a time of heightened sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli

Question 4

The concept of continuity involves:

a. Sensitivity to the environment endangered by experience
B. gradual continuous process of change
C. the notion of a developmental stage
D. sudden emergence of new forms of thought and behavior

Answer 4

B. gradual continuous process of change

Question 5

Resilience refers to the processes of pathways and patterns

a. Associated with an elevated probability of an undesirable outcome
B. of the constant interplay of biology and the environment
C. of positive adaptation during the following significance threats or disturbances
D. of modeling and observational learning

Answer 5

C. of positive adaptation during the following significance threats or disturbances

Question 6

A member of a group in which research has shown an elevated probability of a negative outcome is described as

a. resilient
b. active
c. at risk
d. polyadic

Answer 6

c. at risk

Question 7

An example of a model of development with a passive child and active environment is

a. Piaget’s cognitive development theory
b. bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model
c. operant conditioning processes
d. transactional processes

Answer 7

c. operant conditioning processes

Question 8

According to Piaget through the process of equilibration

a. children develop internal structures called schemata
b. children use primary circular reactions to learn about the world
c. children attempt to create a balance of the processes of assimilation and accommodation
d. children form internal mental representations

Answer 8

c. children attempt to create a balance of the processes of assimilation and accommodation

Question 9

During Which of Piaget’s cognitive developmental stages do children understand the concept of conservation?

a. sensorimotor
b. pre-operational
c. concrete operation
d. formal operational

Answer 9

c. concrete operation

Question 10

A teacher provides a small amount of assistance to help a child accomplish a task that he would not be able to complete independently. According to vygotsky:

a. the teacher is providing instruction within the child’s zone of proximal development
b. the teacher is providing socioemotional but not cognitive support to the child
c. the child is using assimilation and accommodation to learn New Concept
d. the child is scaffolding his understanding to please the teacher

Answer 10

a. the teacher is providing instruction within the child’s zone of proximal development

Question 11

A child’s father recently lost his full-time job and has begun to work the night shift at the local drugstore. The stress has caused her parents to fight more and they can no longer afford her piano lessons. she now sees her father occasionally at breakfast but he is usually so tired from work that he sleeps in. In regard to bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory the father’s changing jobs is categorized as a ____influence on his daughters development

a. microsystem
b. mesosystem
c. exosystem
d. macrosystem

Answer 11

c. exosystem

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true about lifespan developmental theory

a. early stages of development are emphasized as more important in shaping growth then later stages
b. adaptive development is viewed as occurring mainly as a result of early attachment relationships
c. change occurs over time at the same rate in various domains
d. change is both multi-dimensional and multi-directional

Answer 12

d. change is both multi-dimensional and multi-directional

Question 13

Baltes’ selective optimization with compensation theory:

a. Extended Freud’s views on the self from a psychoanalytic perspective
b. described well-defined stages of growth and change across the lifespan from birth to late adulthood
c. is based on the assumption that individual change occurs at different rates throughout the life span
d. attempts to describe a single path by which most individuals are able to age successfully

Answer 13

c. is based on the assumption that individual change occurs at different rates throughout the life span

Question 14

A cell divides into a copy of itself with each resulting cell receiving a full copy of all 46 chromosomes during

a. mitosis
b. crossing over
c. meiosis
d. implantation

Answer 14

a. mitosis

Question 15

The process of elimination of unused and unnecessary synapses is

a. epigenesis
b. synaptogenesis
c. synaptic pruning
d. anoxia

Answer 15

c. synaptic pruning

Question 16

When an infant’s response to repeatedly presented stimulus decreases

a. dishabituation has occurred
b. the infant prefers the stimulus
c. the infant cannot continue in the study
d. habituation has occurred

Answer 16

d. habituation has occurred

Question 17

The HPA axis which regulates the body’s stress response system includes what primary components

a. Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland
b. Hippocampus, pituitary gland, aorta
c. heart, pineal gland, amino acids
d. Hypothalamus, parotid gland, adrenal gland

Answer 17

a. Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland

Question 18

_____ tends to show the greatest age-related decrease in performance

a. episodic memory
b. somatic memory
c. procedural memory
d. phonology

Answer 18

a. episodic memory

Question 19

Gender constancy

a. develops at the same time as the sense of gender identity
b. does not develop until adolescence
c. is the concept that gender is permanent
d. is the ability to discriminate between males and females

Answer 19

c. is the concept that gender is permanent

Question 20

Secondary emotions:

a. Including Joy, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust
b. depend on higher mental capacities
c. emerge in the earliest months of life
d. appear to be Universal and rooted in human biology

Answer 20

b. depend on higher mental capacities

Question 21

A 15 month old child prefers a regular eating and sleeping schedule but quickly adapts to a change in his routine. He is generally in a positive mood throughout the day. according to Thomas and Chess, what temperament style does this child have?

a. easy
b. difficult
c. slow to warm up
d. secure

Answer 21

a. easy

Question 22

School-aged children whose temperament is categorized by low effort control:

a. are extremely friendly and enjoy being in new and unfamiliar situations
b. become easily distressed and often fuss and cry for no apparent reason
c. are cautious about their surroundings and appear apprehensive at school
d. quickly become intensely emotional and exhibit problematic externalizing behaviors

Answer 22

d. quickly become intensely emotional and exhibit problematic externalizing behaviors

Question 23

An infant uses his mother as a secure base from which to explore a new environment. while playing you occasionally glances back to make sure his mother is still there. they appear to have generally positive interactions with each other. this child most likely has which type of attachment to his mother?

a. secure
b. insecure avoidant
c. insecure resistant
d. insecure disorganized

Answer 23

a. secure

Question 24

What is the name of the observational measure Ainsworth developed to investigate differences in the quality of attachment between infants and their caregivers?

a. the strange situation
b. the secure situation
c. the attachment situation
d. the separation situation

Answer 24

a. the strange situation

Question 25

The Kohlbergian approach to moral development

a. grew directly from Piaget’s stage theories
b. represents a lifespan developmental approach
c. did not account for differences among individuals
d. sought to understand individual moral reasoning using the moral judgment interview

Answer 25

d. sought to understand individual moral reasoning using the moral judgment interview

Question 26

Sameroff’s Transactional Model:

a. Is a developmental learning theory emphasizing the role of modeling peer behavior
b. describes the reciprocal interactions between an individual and the environment that shapes development
c. is a stage theory of identity development
d. is the basis for most DBT therapies

Answer 26

b. describes the reciprocal interactions between an individual and the environment that shapes development

Question 27

Internal Working Models:

a. are ideas formed by therapist about how their patients will respond to therapy
b. are largely formed during parent-child interactions in childhood and serve as the basis for understanding future relationships
c. are typical biological responses to psychopharmaceutical medication
d. were first described by Rorschach

Answer 27

b. are largely formed during parent-child interactions in childhood and serve as the basis for understanding future relationships

Question 28

According to the research of Erik Erikson, identity formation:

a. concludes in adolescence, when individuals discover their true selves
b. is a complex process of self-actualization beginning an adolescence
c. cannot be empirically studied until children become verbal
d. is the product of conflicts that occur in different forms in various stages of life

Answer 28

d. is the product of conflicts that occur in different forms in various stages of life

Question 29

One of the biggest social factors directly and indirectly influencing the interactions among the different subsystems within a family is:

a. income
b. chronic disease
c. the marital relationship
d. mental health disorders

Answer 29

c. the marital relationship

Question 30

What is one of the biggest concerns for many women who have experienced a divorce?

a. increased dependence on spirituality
b. increase financial difficulties
c. decrease educational attainment
d. decrease fertility

Answer 30

b. increase financial difficulties