Epithelium Tissue

Question 1

Tightly bound adjacent cells forming sheets covering or lining the body

Answer 1

Epithelium

Question 2

functions of epithelium tissue

Answer 2

Protection of underlying tissue
transcellular transport of molecules
selective permeability
detection of sensations

Question 3

The membrane that supports and separates the epithelium from the underlying supporting tissues

Answer 3

Basement membrane

Question 4

Epithelium are considered ……….. because they get nutrients via capillaries and the basement membrane

Answer 4

Avascular

Question 5

Describe the surface of the epithelia

Answer 5

Covers all body surfaces and tubes
forms interfaces between different biological compartments
forms continuous sheets comprising one or more layers of cells
cells bound to adjacent via Cell junctions which provide physical strength and mediates the exchange of information and metabolites

Question 6

classifications of epithelium membranes

Answer 6

1. number of cell layers
2. types of cell
3. special features - cilia, goblet cells

Question 7

Type of epithelium that is almost found areas involved in selective diffusion and absorption. provides little protection from mechanical abrasions.

Answer 7

Simple Epithelium.

Question 8

Describe Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 8

Single layers of tightly packed thin polygonal cells
centrally placed bulging nucleus.
lines surfaces involved in passive transport

Question 9

Which type of simple epithelium have a single layer of truncated hexagonal solids? When viewed in a section perpendicular to the surface, a square-shaped cell with a centrally placed nucleus is seen.

Answer 9

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.

Question 10

Describe simple columnar epithelium.

Answer 10

Tall, rectangular cell with Ovoid nuclei located closer to the basal half of the cell.
mostly found in absorptive surfaces or secretary surfaces: e.g digestive tract, gallbladder

Question 11

A Type of epithelium tissue with a similar view as simple cuboidal epithelium in surface view.

Answer 11

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

name two epithelium cells that are found in absorptive surfaces or secretary surfaces

Answer 12

simple columnar and cuboidal

Question 13

A finger-like projection of plasma membrane with modified microtubules in its cytoplasm

Answer 13

Cilium

Question 13

Among Ciliated cells are non-ciliated cells that have ?

Answer 13

Secretary function

Question 14

A single layer of cells although appear as stratified, all cells are in contact with the basement membrane of the epithelium but not all reach surface of epithelium.

Answer 14

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 15

difference between pseudostratified and stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 15

pseudostratified epithelia have cilia and stratified almost never have cilia present

Question 16

Function of stratified epithelium

Answer 16

Mainly have protective function and the degree of stratification depends on the stress of the tissue due to its function

Question 17

Name the three types of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 17

1. Keratinized
2. Non- keratinized
3. Para keratinized

Question 18

Describe the Non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 18

Upper cells are nucleated- Thus non keratinized
They have multiple layers of cells, only the lower one in contact with the basement membrane. The top cell appears flat. The basal layers are cuboidal and the middle cells are polymorphous. Found in mouth, vagina, etc.

Question 19

Differentiates the keratinized from the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer 19

Upper surface composed of keratin which replaces the dead cells of nuclei and cytoplasm

Question 20

Stratified squamous Epithelium that found in the later of the skin.

Answer 20

Keratinized

Question 21

what is meant by pyknotic

Answer 21

A cell that have a condensed, shrunken nucleus.

Question 22

Para keratinized examples

Answer 22

Hard Palate and gingiva

Question 23

List the stratified squamous epithelium according to their degree of keratinization from high to low

Answer 23

1. Keratinized
2. Parakeratinized
3. Non keratinized

Question 24

what is stratified cuboidal epithelium number of layers?

Answer 24

two or three layers

Question 25

Function and where is found in stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 25

Merely provides a more robust lining than simple epithelia would
Found in:
Ducts of sweat glands
Larger excretory glands of exocrine glands such as the salivary glands

Question 26

Stratified columnar epithelium compromise of?

Answer 26

Low polyhedral to cuboidal shaped cells in the deeper layer which is in contact with the basement membrane
A superficial layer of columnar cells

Question 27

What is transitional epithelium?

Answer 27

Distinct type of epithelium exclusive to the urinary system – lines the urinary tract from the renal calyces to the urethra
Most superficial cells of empty bladder are large, occasionally binucleated and exhibit round dome tops that bulge into the lumen
This dome shape becomes flattened and the epithelium appears thinner when the bladder is distended with urine

Question 28

Polarized cells have what?

Answer 28

Apical domain and Basolateral domain

Question 29

differentiates between basolateral and apical domain.

Answer 29

Apical faces the lumen, have cilia or microvilli
Basolateral, attach the basal lamina and have junctions specialization and intercellular interdigitation

Question 30

What separate apical and basolateral domain

Answer 30

Tight junction

Question 31

Explain apical domain

Answer 31

Region of an epithelial cell that faces the lumen.
Rich in ion channels, carrier proteins, ATPase, glycoproteins etc.
Region where regulated secretory products are delivered for release.
Has several surface modifications which are functionally necessary.

Question 32

The only cell in human body that posses flagella

Answer 32

Spermatozoa

Question 33

Function of flagella

Answer 33

Function in movement as it propels the cell forward

Question 34

Small finger-like projections emanating from the free surface of the cell into the lumen

Answer 34

Microvilli

Question 35

Give the functions for the Motile cilia, Primary cilia, goblets cells, Microvilli

Answer 35

Microvilli Increase surface area, major function in transport and absorption.
Motile cilia Specialised function in propelling mucus and other substances over the surface of epithelium via rapid oscillation
Primary cilia Function as sensors for chemical and mechanical signals
Goblets cells Function to produce mucus, which is made from water and mucigen granules (from the cytoplasm of the cell)

Question 36

Long microvilli found in epididymis and on sensory hair cells of the cochlea

Answer 36

Stereocilia

Question 37

Modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus and they don’t divide they differentiates

Answer 37

Goblet cells

Question 38

Found most in mammals and is a single non motile cilium. Name it

Answer 38

Primary cilia

Question 39

how does a cilia propel the mucus

Answer 39

Propel via beating in a wave-like synchronous rhythm propelling surface films of mucus/fluids in a consistent direction over the epithelial surface.

Question 40

Are following statements true or false about microvilli

1. Absorptive columnar and cuboidal epithelium have closely packed microvilli
2. Are in the striated border of intestinal absorptive cells and brush border of kidney proximal tubule cells.

Answer 40

Both are true

Question 41

The exocrine glands secrete their products via glands
True or False

Answer 41

True