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Histology > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

what is present between epithelium and connective tissue?

A

basement membrane or basement lamina

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2
Q

what does the basal lamina composed of

A

adhesive glycoproteins laminin, anchored by adhesive glycoprotein entactin and heparan sulfate perlecan and collagen type IV fibril

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3
Q

luminal surface of heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels are lined by what type of epithelium?

A

endothelium

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4
Q

body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal ) are lined by what epithelium?

A

mesothelium

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5
Q

different types of covering epithelium?

A

simple
stratified
pseudostartified

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6
Q

the two type of cells in psedustratified ?

A

tall columnar and short

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7
Q

what type of cells in pseudostratified faces the lumen of the organ ?

A

the tall columnar

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8
Q

what are the shape of simple squamous in outline?

A

polygonal

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9
Q

where is the nucleus present in the simple squamous?

A

in the center

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10
Q

when cut perpendicular (simple squamous) what do they give appearance of? and why?

A

fusiform (spindle shaped) because the central region is thicker then the peripherally cytoplasmic region

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11
Q

list down the places where simple squamous is present?

A

the endothelium (inner surface of hear, bood vessels, lymph vessels) and mesothellium ( plerual, pericardial and peritoneal cavity) also type I alveolar cells

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12
Q

surface view of simple cuboidal cells show what shape?

A

hexagonal

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13
Q

what is the shape and location of nucleus in simple cuboidal?

A

center and spherical

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14
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

the follicles of the thyroid gland

and distal convoluted tubule

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15
Q

the shape and location of nucleus of simple columnar cells?

A

oval and near the base of cell

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16
Q

where are simple columnar cells present?

A

in stomach, intestine, uterus and gallbladder

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17
Q

what are the modifications on simple cuboidal cells and on what surface?

A

on the apical surface and it has microvilli, stereocilia, kinocilia

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18
Q

the basal layer of stratified squamous is what shaped?

A

low columnar or cuboidal

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19
Q

the layer next to basal layer is what shaped cells?

A

its polygonal cells

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20
Q

2 types of stratified squamous?

A

keratinized and non keratinized

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21
Q

the intracellular space b/w the squamous cells in stratified squamous contains what?

A

water proofing glycolipid

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22
Q

the stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium has what difference with keratinized?

A

it doesnt contain keratin. it has nucleus

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23
Q

where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium present?

A

epidermis of our skin

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24
Q

where is non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium present?

A

oropharynx, esophagus and oral cavity

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25
Q

where is stratified cuboidal epithelium present?

A

epithelial lining of larger ducts (pancrease and salivary glands)

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26
Q

where are stratified columnar epithelium present

A

conjunctiva of the eye and male urethra

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27
Q

where is transitional epithelium present?

A

lower urinary tract

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28
Q

what is another word of transitional epithelium?

A

urothelium

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29
Q

what it is urothelium specially designed for?

A

to withstand the stretch produced by distention of the urinary passage because of storing and colaection of urine.

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30
Q

urothelium prevents?

A

the diffusion of urine back into the tissues of the urinary tract

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31
Q

in undistended urothelium how many layers present?

A

6 layers

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32
Q

what is the shape of 3 layers?

A

basal layer is cuboidal
upper layer of basal is polygonal
and the superficial layer is convex (umbrella shaped)

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33
Q

in distended how many layers present?

A

3 layers

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34
Q

the area that is rigid and thick on the superficial layer on transitional epithelium are?

A

plaque

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35
Q

what are fusiform vesicle ?

A

when the luminal plasma membrance of the superficial layer folds the plague invaginate into the cytoplasm and these temporary stored invaginations are called fusiform vesicle

36
Q

what are the two features which make the transitional epithelium impermeable barrier ?

A
  1. laminal plasmalemma of the cells are impermeable to salts

2. cells are strongly bound with zonula occludentes and multiple desmosomes

37
Q

where are pseudostartified columnar epithelium present?

A

conducting respiratory tract

and male genitial ducts

38
Q

modifications of pseudostratified epi?

A

kinocilia and stereocilia

39
Q

shape of neuroepithelia

A

tall columnar

40
Q

location of neuroepithelia?

A

taste buds and vestibulocochlear receptor system of internal ear

41
Q

shape of myoepithelial glands?

A

star shaped

42
Q

location of myoepithelial glands?

A

secretory acini of mammary, lacrimal, sweat glands

43
Q

what are microvilli?

A

slender small finger like projections on the surface of epithelial cell facing the lumen of an organ

44
Q

central bundle of microvillus contains?

A

20-30 microfilaments

45
Q

these microfilaments are joined by?

A

actin binding protein fimbrin and fascin

46
Q

microvilli when extending into the apical cytoplasm get embedded in?

A

terminal web

47
Q

microvilli at terminal web are associated with?

A

spectrin and myosin-II

48
Q

what place of internal epithelial surface is known as striated border?

A

small intestinal columnar epithelial cells

49
Q

microvilli are also present where except intestine?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

50
Q

association of microvilli with myosin-II allowes?

A

contractile oscillatory movement

51
Q

where are cillia found?

A

where there is transport of fluid or film of mucus

52
Q

location of cillia?

A

respiratory tract, uterine tube, neuroepithelium

53
Q

cillia is kinocilia why?

A

because it has to and fro motion

54
Q

there is a core complex of microtubules in cillia called?

A

axoneme

55
Q

there are microtubules arranged in axoneme how?

A

9+2 arrangement

56
Q

how many of these microtubules are doublet?

A

2

57
Q

how many is a single pair and where they are?

A

one single and on central part

58
Q

all these microtubules are enclosed in a thin sheath called?

A

central sheath

59
Q

microtubule A has how many protofilaments?

A

13

60
Q

B has?

A

10

61
Q

the adjacent doublets are linked with each other thorugh?

A

protein bridge called nexins

62
Q

the doublets are radially joined to the central sheath by?

A

spoke

63
Q

prootfilament A has hook type arms on the outer covering made of protein?

A

dynein

64
Q

dynein makes temporary?

A

cross bridges when activated by atp with microtubule B

65
Q

why stereocilia called stereocillia?

A

they are still and can not move

66
Q

why stereocilia give tuft like appearance?

A

they are long flexible and their ends wind with each other giving a tuft look

67
Q

where are stereocilia present?

A

epididymis and vas deferens

68
Q

what is the function of stereocilia in epididymis and vas deferens

A

increase mucosal surface area for reabsorption of the fluids and spermatozoa

69
Q

two main functions of lateral domain?

A

adhesion and cell to cell communication

70
Q

on what adhesion of lateral domain is dependent on?

A

cadherin ( adhesive glycoprotein)
presence of invagination and evaginations
and adhering and occluding junctions

71
Q

cell to cell communication is dependent on?

A

nexuses

72
Q

3 features of basal domain

A
  1. basement membrane
  2. hemidesmosomes
  3. infoldings of plasmalemma
73
Q

what is basement membrane?

A

is the extracellular material between the epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue

74
Q

what is hemidesmosomes/

A

hemidesmosomes connect the epithelial cells to the basal lamina

75
Q

infoldings of plasmalemma is a special feature of those cells which are involved in?

A

active transport of ions and molecules

76
Q

how infoldings accommodate active transport?

A

increase surface area, more transport proteins and has mitochondria?

77
Q

where is mitochondria present in infoldings?

A

between the infoldings

78
Q

the basal regions of those epithelial cells which have infoldings show what type of striations and in what stain?

A

eosinophilic striations in H&E stain

79
Q

these striations are made by?

A

mitochondria

80
Q

where are these infoldings and striations present?

A

prox and dist convoluted tubules and salivary glands

81
Q

the membrane of basal lamina is composed of two layers:

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

82
Q

what is the thickness of basal lamina?

A

80-100mm

83
Q

components of basal lamina?

A

fibrils of collagen type IV
glycoprotein laminin
entactin which holds the laminins together
heparan sulfate- perlecan

84
Q

basal lamina has two layers called as?

A

basal lucida and basal densa

85
Q

what does reticular lamina composed of?

A 
reticular fibrils 
glycosaminoglycans 
heparin sulfate
hyaluronic acid 
collages type VII
86
Q

where in body a single basal membrane present b/w two epithelial cell layers

A

alveoli and glomerulus

Histology (9 decks)

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