cartilage Flashcards
characterstics of cartilage?
resilient, flexible, pliant nature
the cells of cartilage are?
chondrocytes
the space that chondrocytes occupy are called?
lacunae
special feature of ground substance of cartilage
sulfated glycosaminoglycans
the dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the cartilage is called?
perichondrium
two layers of perichondrium
outer fibrous
inner cellular
fibrous layer of perichondrium contains what type of collagen fiber?
type I
function of fibrous layer?
the blood capallaries that supply the o2 and nutrient to chondrocytes is located in the fibrous layer of perichondrium also lymph vessels and nerves
what is cellular layer called?
chondrogenic layer
function of chondrogenic layer?
chondrogenic layer differntiates into chondroblast which divide and differentiate into chondrocytes and provide the growing cartilages or repairing cartilages with chondrocytes
2-4 chondrocytes are called?
isogenous groups
what does chondrocytes produce?
collagenous and non collagenous components also produces elastin
what enzyme does chondrocytes produce in ECM
metalloproteinases
function of metalloproteinases
degrade the ECM to englarge lacunae to fit more isogenous groups and chondrocytes
cytoplasm of chondrocytes stains….? and why?
basophilic and cause of RER
what does ECM of cartilage contains
- collagenous
- non collagenous proteins
- hyaluronan
- adhesive glycoproteins (chondronectin and fribronectin)
- proteoglycan (aggrecan)
types of cartilage?
hyaline
fibro
elastic
appearance of hyaline cartilage
pearly white, translucent glassy appearance
location of hyaline cartilages in body
- fetus
- children and young adults epiphyseal cartilage
- laryngeal cartilage (cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage)
- wall of trachea and bronchi
- costal cartilage (anterior ends of ribs)
- articular cartilage
- nasal cartilage
components of ECM of hyaline cartilage ?
collagen, hyaluronan, adhesive glycoprotein (chondronectin and fibronectin), aggrecan
what type of collagen fiber is present in hyaline cartilage
type II AND XI
how much water is present in hyaline carti
60-80%
what gives the resiliency to hyaline cartilage
the water content
different regions of ECM of hyaline carti
pericellular matrix
territorial matrix
interterritorial matrix
where is pericellular matrix present and how it stains and why it stains that way?
immediately outer area of cell membrane
stains highly basophilic
because devoid of colagen fiber II and chiefly amount of sulfated proteoglycans
how territorial matrix stains?
very basophilic
how interterritorial matrix stians?
lightly basophilic
shape of chondrocytes in central region of ECM
(isogenous)spherical ovoid in shape flattened on adjacent sides
shape of chondrocytes in periphery
elliptical (singly)
shape of chondrocytes subperchondrial
elongated and narrow
what is articulating cartilage?
the articulating surfaces of synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage and these cartilage are called articulating cartilage
4 zones of articulating cartilages
superficial
middle zone
deep zone
highly calcified zone
another name for superficial zone
tangential zone
tangential zone makes up %
10-20%
type of collagen fiber present in tangential zone
type II
CHONDROCYTES in tangential zone are arranged in what way
parallel to articulating surface
another name for middle zone
intermediate zone
% that makes up the intermediate zone
40-60%
what type of collagen fiber present in intermediate zone?
type two
chondrocytes in middle zone are arranged in what way
oblique to free surface
what else does middle zone contains?
aggrecans and collagen type II (thicker than superficial zone)
% THAT makes up the deep zone?
30%
how collagen fibers and chondrocytes are arranged, what way? in deep zone
perpendicular to columns of chondrocytes
and perpendicular to free surface
% of calcified zone ?
10-20%
function of calcified zone?
it connects the articular carti with the bone tissue by anchoring collagen fibril of deep zone to subchondral bone
which cartilage is not surrounded by perichondrium?
articular and fibro
type of collagen fiber in fibrocarti?
type 1
fibrocarti generallyy stains?
acidophilic
locations of fibrocartilage
intervertebral disk
disk of pubic symphysis
intra articular disk of sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints
menisci of knee joint
type of collagen fiber in elastic cartilage?
type II
distinctive feature of elastic cartilage?
branching and anastomosing dense elastic fibers
location of elastic cartilage
external auditory meatus cartillage of epiglottis larynx auricle of external ear auditory tube
