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histology > cartilage > Flashcards

cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

characterstics of cartilage?

A

resilient, flexible, pliant nature

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2
Q

the cells of cartilage are?

A

chondrocytes

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3
Q

the space that chondrocytes occupy are called?

A

lacunae

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4
Q

special feature of ground substance of cartilage

A

sulfated glycosaminoglycans

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5
Q

the dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the cartilage is called?

A

perichondrium

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6
Q

two layers of perichondrium

A

outer fibrous

inner cellular

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7
Q

fibrous layer of perichondrium contains what type of collagen fiber?

A

type I

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8
Q

function of fibrous layer?

A

the blood capallaries that supply the o2 and nutrient to chondrocytes is located in the fibrous layer of perichondrium also lymph vessels and nerves

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9
Q

what is cellular layer called?

A

chondrogenic layer

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10
Q

function of chondrogenic layer?

A

chondrogenic layer differntiates into chondroblast which divide and differentiate into chondrocytes and provide the growing cartilages or repairing cartilages with chondrocytes

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11
Q

2-4 chondrocytes are called?

A

isogenous groups

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12
Q

what does chondrocytes produce?

A

collagenous and non collagenous components also produces elastin

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13
Q

what enzyme does chondrocytes produce in ECM

A

metalloproteinases

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14
Q

function of metalloproteinases

A

degrade the ECM to englarge lacunae to fit more isogenous groups and chondrocytes

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15
Q

cytoplasm of chondrocytes stains….? and why?

A

basophilic and cause of RER

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16
Q

what does ECM of cartilage contains

A
  1. collagenous
  2. non collagenous proteins
  3. hyaluronan
  4. adhesive glycoproteins (chondronectin and fribronectin)
  5. proteoglycan (aggrecan)
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17
Q

types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
fibro
elastic

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18
Q

appearance of hyaline cartilage

A

pearly white, translucent glassy appearance

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19
Q

location of hyaline cartilages in body

A
  1. fetus
  2. children and young adults epiphyseal cartilage
  3. laryngeal cartilage (cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage)
  4. wall of trachea and bronchi
  5. costal cartilage (anterior ends of ribs)
  6. articular cartilage
  7. nasal cartilage
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20
Q

components of ECM of hyaline cartilage ?

A

collagen, hyaluronan, adhesive glycoprotein (chondronectin and fibronectin), aggrecan

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21
Q

what type of collagen fiber is present in hyaline cartilage

A

type II AND XI

22
Q

how much water is present in hyaline carti

A

60-80%

23
Q

what gives the resiliency to hyaline cartilage

A

the water content

24
Q

different regions of ECM of hyaline carti

A

pericellular matrix
territorial matrix
interterritorial matrix

25
Q

where is pericellular matrix present and how it stains and why it stains that way?

A

immediately outer area of cell membrane
stains highly basophilic
because devoid of colagen fiber II and chiefly amount of sulfated proteoglycans

26
Q

how territorial matrix stains?

A

very basophilic

27
Q

how interterritorial matrix stians?

A

lightly basophilic

28
Q

shape of chondrocytes in central region of ECM

A

(isogenous)spherical ovoid in shape flattened on adjacent sides

29
Q

shape of chondrocytes in periphery

A

elliptical (singly)

30
Q

shape of chondrocytes subperchondrial

A

elongated and narrow

31
Q

what is articulating cartilage?

A

the articulating surfaces of synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage and these cartilage are called articulating cartilage

32
Q

4 zones of articulating cartilages

A

superficial
middle zone
deep zone
highly calcified zone

33
Q

another name for superficial zone

A

tangential zone

34
Q

tangential zone makes up %

A

10-20%

35
Q

type of collagen fiber present in tangential zone

A

type II

36
Q

CHONDROCYTES in tangential zone are arranged in what way

A

parallel to articulating surface

37
Q

another name for middle zone

A

intermediate zone

38
Q

% that makes up the intermediate zone

A

40-60%

39
Q

what type of collagen fiber present in intermediate zone?

A

type two

40
Q

chondrocytes in middle zone are arranged in what way

A

oblique to free surface

41
Q

what else does middle zone contains?

A

aggrecans and collagen type II (thicker than superficial zone)

42
Q

% THAT makes up the deep zone?

A

30%

43
Q

how collagen fibers and chondrocytes are arranged, what way? in deep zone

A

perpendicular to columns of chondrocytes

and perpendicular to free surface

44
Q

% of calcified zone ?

A

10-20%

45
Q

function of calcified zone?

A

it connects the articular carti with the bone tissue by anchoring collagen fibril of deep zone to subchondral bone

46
Q

which cartilage is not surrounded by perichondrium?

A

articular and fibro

47
Q

type of collagen fiber in fibrocarti?

A

type 1

48
Q

fibrocarti generallyy stains?

A

acidophilic

49
Q

locations of fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral disk
disk of pubic symphysis
intra articular disk of sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints
menisci of knee joint

50
Q

type of collagen fiber in elastic cartilage?

A

type II

51
Q

distinctive feature of elastic cartilage?

A

branching and anastomosing dense elastic fibers

52
Q

location of elastic cartilage

A 
external auditory meatus 
cartillage of epiglottis 
larynx 
auricle of external ear 
auditory tube

histology (9 decks)

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