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Body Logistics > Epithelia & Glands > Flashcards

Epithelia & Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Is epithelia vascularised

A

No relied on BVs close to BM for nutrients etc

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2
Q

Difference between serous and mucous membrane and where would you find both?

A

Serous - lines closed cavities -e.g. peritoneum, pericardium, pleura

Mucus lines open cavities, e.g. resp, GI, GU

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3
Q

What are 3 categories of epithelia?

A

simple, stratified, pseudo stratified

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4
Q

What does a mucous membrane consist of? e.g. GI

A
  • Epithelia (type depends on area)
  • Lamina propria (CT)
  • (sometimes) Muscular layer - muscularis mucosae
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5
Q

Where in the mucosal layers are Peyers patches found?

A

Lamina Propria

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6
Q

What do serous membranes consist of? e.g. pleura

A

2 layers with lubricating fluid in between

  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Thin CT which attached epithelium to adjacent tissues, also carries Blood, nerves
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7
Q

Where would you find lamina propria in the body?

A

Mucosal membranes

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8
Q

What is a basement membrane’s function (2) and what’s it made of? How many layers? Which types of collagen?

A

Anchor epithelium to underneath loose connective tissue
Barrier to malignant cells & pathogens (filter). Made of thin fibrous ECM 2 layers - basal lamina (type IV collagen) and reticular connective tissue (collagen III)

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9
Q

Whats the order from the surface of BM, Epithelia, Connective tissue?

A

Epithelia
Basement membrane
Connective tissue

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10
Q

How are adjacent epithelia held?

A

tight junctions

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11
Q

Name 7 types of epithelia

A

transitional, cuboidal, columnar, squamous, pseudo stratified, stratified non keratinised, stratified keratinised.

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12
Q

Does the basement membrane contain any cells?

A

No, just fibres etc

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13
Q

What kind of epithelium would you find lining the body cavities - peritoneum (mesothelium) , pericardium, pleura. What function does it have?

A

Simple squamous

Diffusion/gas exchange/lubrication/coagulation

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14
Q

What kind of epithelium would you find in the kidney/ovaries/exocrine glands/thyroid follicles? What function does it have?

A

Simple cuboidal

Role in secretion/absorption/
protection

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15
Q

What kind of epithelia would you find lining the stomach, gastric glands, small intestine and colon? What function does it have?

A

Simple columnar epithelium ( with/without villi)

Role in absorption, secretion, lubrication, transport

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16
Q

What epithelium would would find in the lining of the nasal cavity, trachea,, bronchi? What function does it have?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium with villi.

Role in secretion of mucus and conduit (resp tract/ductus deferens), absorption

17
Q

What epithelia would you find lining the vagina and the oesophagus? What function does it have?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium.

Protection from abrasion
Moist but reduces water loss

18
Q

How does the vagina wall maintain low pH and why? What happens in the absence of hormones (e.g. before puberty/after menopause)?

A

Lactobacilli - convert glucose to lactate, reducing pH to suitable level to resist bacteria. Vagina is rich in glycogen which is where the lactobacilli get the glucose from. Only there with hormones so atrophy without.

19
Q

What epithelia is found at the skin? What are the 4 layers? What is its function (4) ?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium keratinised.

Four layers are: Stratum

Corneum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Protection against abrasion
Prevents waterless
UV protection
Barrier to pathogens

20
Q

Where does mitosis of keratinocytes occur? Where do they move from there? What do they form?

A

Basale, then move upwards to form the prickle layer.

21
Q

What do keratinocytes produce? What role does this have in the epidermis?

A

Keratin - strength of the epidermis (think hair and nails)

22
Q

What cell makes up the stratum corneum? What function does this layer have?

A

Corneocytes

Protection

23
Q

What two other cell types are found in the epidermis and what do they do?

A

Melanocytes - dendritic cells - produce melanin gives skin colour and protects from UV damage

Langerhans cells - dendritic cells through prickle layer that are APCs to T cells. Role in skin allergic reaction

24
Q

Where apart from lymph nodes might you find dendritic cells?

A

Skin - melanocytes, langerhan cells

25
Q

What kind of epithelia would you find in the bladder/renal calyces ureters, urethra? What function does it have?

A

Transitional - can distend and change shape. Protection from underlying toxins

26
Q

What is a gland?

A

An epithelial cell or collection of cells specialised for secretion

27
Q

You can categorise glands by structure, destination, nature of secretion and method of discharge. How do you separate by destination (2)?

A

Exocrine - have ducts - mostly out of body

Endocrine - no ducts- hormones to other cells in body via blood stream

28
Q

Separate glands by stucture? Eg number/shape of cells (4)

A

Unicellular - goblet cell - exocrine
Multicellular - e.g. pituitary gland - endocrine
Acinar- e.g. liver - bile - exocrine
Coiled - e.g. merocrine sweat glands

29
Q

Separate by nature of secretion (3)?

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

30
Q

What is the nature of secretion where the whole cell breaks down on release

A

Holocrine

31
Q

What is the nature of secretion where droplets are secreted covered in plasmalemma

A

Apocrine

32
Q

What is the nature of secretion where substances are exocytosed?

A

Merocrine

33
Q

Which is the most common form of glandular secretion?

A

Merocrine

34
Q

Which form of secretion is milk from lactiferous duct? What is the structure of the gland? Which cells contract to help the milk secrete?

A

Apocrine, acinar, multicellular, myoepithelial

35
Q

How are the sweat glands and resp epithelial cells related to CF symptoms?

A

Absence of CFTR channel in apical membrane of epithelial cells causes

1) Poor reabsorption of Cl- and Na ions from sweat = salty sweat
2) Absence/malfunction of Cl- channels in epithelia, meaning Cl- build up in cell, water follows, sticky mucus.

36
Q

Where is the apical vs basolateral parts of the membrane of epithelium?

A

Apical faces the lumen of the a body cavity

Basolateral is by the basement membrane

37
Q

What are glands made from?

A

Epithelial tissue

Body Logistics (8 decks)

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