Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Logistics > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Secrete hormones from glands to act on target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is neurocrine? Why would you not just use nervous system?

A

Neurons secreting hormones into blood to target cell that doesn’t have neuroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give three areas of the body where there is neurocrine communication

A

Adrenal Medulla
Ant Pituitary
Post pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

There are 9 major glands name them

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thymus 
Pineal
Gonads
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenals
Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones can act on target to cells to control what 5 things?

A

1) Reproduction
2) Metabolism
3) Growth
4) Body Defence
5) Homeostasis - fluid/electrolyte balance of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the Thymus? Using what hormone? What happens in adolescence?

A

Maturation of bone derived stem cells to mature T cells - using Thymosin. Involutes in teens to mostly fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another way of saying T cell maturation

A

Thymic Cell Education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the HPA Axis? Give an example of what it is used for and state how.

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Used in stress response

Hyp neurones produce CRH - enters hypothalami-hypophyseal circuit to ant pit
Ant pit produces ACTH - endocrine travel in blood to adrenal gland - adrenal produces cortisol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which gland is central to homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothalamus controls loads of things name 5

A 
Hunger
Sexual behaviour
Thermoregulation
Stress response
Lactation
Heart rate/BP
Circadian rhythm
Autonomic input
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 2 hormone that are produced by hypothalamus and travel to POST pituitary

There are 6 others - name 2 released from ANT pituitary

A

Oxytocin
ADH

TSH
ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothalamus is both nervous and endocrine true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a portal system? Where can you find two in the body?

A

2 capillary beds in series
Portal-hepatic
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the HPT axis and what happens? What are the two feedback loops?

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

Hyp neurones produce TRH - travels down neurones enter hypothalamo-hypophyseal circuit to ant pit - ant pit cells produce TSH - travels via blood to thyroid- thyroid produces T3 T4(thyroxine). Thyroxine has negative feedback to the ant pit (short loop) and hyp (long loop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 3 examples where neuroendocrine signalling occurs in the body

A

HPT axis
HPA axis
Chromaffin cells into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 catecholamines?

A

Adrenaline and NA

17
Q

What are chromaffin cells? Where are they found? What do they do?

A

Modified neurones in adrenal medulla - act as post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones that secrete adrenaline/NA into blood - example of neuroendocrine

18
Q

The stress response is initiated by 3 systems _______ ________ and _________

A

Nervous
Endocrine
Immune system

19
Q

Which type of hormone are slow and long acting? What do they do? Where do they act in the cell? Give some examples

A

Steroids are slow because they are synthesised on demand from precursors which takes time. They act mostly on cytosol/nucleus, mostly activate transcription/translation (makes sense if act on nucleus). E.g. oestrogen, aldosterone, cortisol

20
Q

What are the two types of corticosteroids? Where are they made? What is the difference?

A

Glucocorticoids - more for immune response
Mineralocorticoids - more for electrolyte/water balance

Made in adrenal cortex

21
Q

Which two types of hormone are carried in the blood by proteins?

A

Steroids and Thyroid hormones

22
Q

Which two types hormones are dissolvable in blood?

A

Glycoproteins and catecholamines

23
Q

Give two examples of glycoproteins as hormones. Are they fast/slow acting? What happens when they get to the cell (where do they bind what do they do)

A

Insulin and Glucagon, quite fast mins-hours (think after food). They bind to cell surface receptors and elicit 2nd messenger response.

24
Q

Which are the two fastest acting groups of hormone? Why?

A

catecholamines, thyroid hormones. Premade in vesicles ready to go.

25
Q

Which 3 groups of hormone are premade in vesicles and which 1 is made on demand

A

Premade vesicles - thyroid, catecholamines, glycoproteins

On demand - steroids

26
Q

Which two groups of hormones act by activating 2nd messaging systems in cell, and which two act on transcription/translation?

A

Thyroid and steroid - transcription/translation

Catecholamines/glycoproteins act on 2nd messenger systems

27
Q

Which two hormones are involved in short term stress response, which two in long term?

A

Short - NA/Adrenaline

Long - aldosterone and cortisol

28
Q

What is the short term vs long term stress response?

A

Short term:
- increase HR, BP, Sweating, reduce digestion, glucagon, increased alertness –> glucose etc

Long term: Aldosterone - increased Na retention, increased BP and blood vol

Cortisol - surpressed immunity, increased blood sugar as protein and fats converted to glucose

29
Q

What is the typical distance for paracrine communication

A

20nm

30
Q

What are 3 groups of paracrine molecules

A

Ach, Monoamines, amino acids

31
Q

Is neuron synapse-synapse an example of paracrine?

A

Yes

32
Q

Are glutamate glycine and GABA inhibitory or excitatory transmitters in paracrine communication?

A

Glu +
Gly -
GABA -

33
Q

How are oxytocin and ADH produced and released?

A

Produced by hyp neurons, travel to POST pit, then to blood

34
Q

What is the pineal gland? What does it do? What happens in early adulthood?

A

Small gland, full function unknown, produces melatonin which is involved in circadian rhythm. Melatonin inhibits release of gonadotrophin (LH and FSH). It calcifies

35
Q

Name two gonadotrophin and what inhibits their release

A

LH and FSH

Release inhibited by melatonin that is produced by the pineal gland.

Body Logistics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions