Blood Flashcards
What are most blood cells derived from? Where from?
Multipotential haemopoietic stem cells from bone marrow.
What are the 2 blood cell groups haemopoietic stem cells differentiate into? Which cell groups do these then different into?
Lymphoid - to lymphocytes
Myeloid - to RBCs, other WBCs
What is the role of platelets? what are they formed from? Where are they broken down in the body?
“Repair” - Initial plug for clotting, surface for clotting factors, involved in initiation of clotting cascade. Broken down in the spleen
What are the main roles of the ‘granulocyte’ WBCs neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and mast cells
Neutrophils - initial inflammation (innate immunity)
Basophils - allergic response IgE, release Histamine
Eosinophils - allergic response IgE
Mast cells - similar to basophils
What are the 4 types of ‘granulocyte’
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells
What are 6 types of mononuclear WBC?
monocytes macrophages dendritic cells T cells B cells NK cells
What are dendritic cells derived from? What are their two main roles?
Monocytes
Phagocytose and APCs
What 4 hormones/cytokines act to stimulate haematopoiesis and which cells do they stimulate?
Erythropoetin - stimulates RBCs
Thrombopoetin - stimulates plalelet productions
Interleukins stimulate T/B cells
G-CSF - stimulates granulocytes
How long to RBCs circulate for?
around 120 days
How is structure (4) of RBC suited to function?
No nucleus
No organelles
Biconcave
Lipid bilayer
Maximise O2 Hb CO2 carrying space and flexible to fit through capillaries
Name 4 phagocytes of WBCs
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes/macrophages
Can macrophages move?
Yes chemotaxis towards organisms
What do NK cells do
Stimulate cells to undergo apoptosis - adaptive immunity
What could recombinant growth factors be used for
e.g. post cancer neutropenia helps regenerate blood cells
Where are reasons for a too high blood count
Thrombocythemia
Polycythemia
Leukemia
What are reasons for low blood count
Anaemia
Leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is pancytopenia
Low count of all blood cells
What is a common reason for change in Full Blood Count test results
Something has been reacted to e.g. infection
How might you get a sample to look at bone marrow dysfunction?
Take bone marrow biopsy
How can a translocation cause Leukemia? How can you treat this?
Reciprocal translocation e.g. of chromosome 22 (Philadelphia chromosome) can lead to a fusion gene which causes tyrosine kinase to be constantly ON leading to constant cell prolif = cancer. Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor acts to kill cancer cells by blocking tyrosine kinase
What is the role of tyrosine kinase in normal cells?
On/Off for cell function e.g. proliferation
Which blood cell plays a huge role in autoimmune disease and rejection of transplant?
T cells
