Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 3- neurology > Epilepsy and seizures > Flashcards

Epilepsy and seizures Flashcards

1
Q

EEG features of absence seizures

A

3Hz spike-and-wave
Lasting around 10 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Absent seizures can be triggered by…

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse effects of carbamazepine

A

SIADH
Teratogenic (NTD)
Diplopia
P450 inducer

Serious/ rare
- Steven Johnson syndrome
- DRESS syndrome
- Agranulocytosis
- Folate deficiency
- Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adverse effects of phenytoin

A

Hirsutisim
Gingival hyperplasia
Agranulocytosis
P450 inducer
Osteoporosis
Rash

Serious/ rare
- Steven Johnson syndrome
- DRESS syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adverse effects of Valproate

A

Teratogenic (NTD)
Thrombocytopenia
Weight gain
Alopecia

Serious/ rare
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What anti-epleptic is most likely to cause psyhcosis

A

Levetiracetam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What anti-epileptic is associated with hirsuitism, osteoporosis and a rash

A

Phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What anti-epileptic is associated with hepatotoxicity, SIADH and agranulocytosis

A

Carbamazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What anti-epileptic is associated with thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis and alopecia

A

Valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of epilepsy is characterised by B/L polyspike and slow wave on EEG?

A

Myoclonic epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First line treatment for narrow focal seizures

A

1st- lamotrigine

Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital (kids)
Phenytoin
Keppra
Oxcarbazepine

2nd line-
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Valproate
Topiramte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute complications of seizures

A
  • Hyperthermia causing CNS damage
  • Cardioresp deficity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute management of seizures

A

1st line- IV/ IM benzo
- Lorazepam
- Diazepam
- IM midazolam

Intranasal/ buccal midazolam
Rectal Diazepam

2nd line/ status epilepticus
- Fosphenytoin
- Valproate
- Keppra

3rd line
- Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Long-term complications of seizures

A

Psychiatric- depression, anxiety, psychosis

Sleep disorders

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of provoked/ acute symptomatic seizure

A

Intracranial lesion
- SDH
- CNS infection
- Stroke

Intracranial surgery

Anoxic encephalopathy

TBI

Metabolic disturbance

Drug/ alcohol withdrawal

MS/ autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Catamenial epilepsy

A

Type of reflex epilepsy triggered by phases of the menstrual cycle

17
Q

Genetic causes of epilepsy

A

Ion channel/ receptor mutation
- KCNQ2
- SCN1A

Chromosomla
- Angelmann
- Prader-Willi
- Rett

Metabolic disorders
- Polyketonuria
- Lysosomal storage disease
- Peroxisomal disorder
- MELAS

18
Q

Ictal features of focal seizures

A

Neuropsychiatric aura
- Deja vu
- anxiety/ fear

Automatism (impaired awareness)

Motor
- Contralateral clonus/ myoclonus
- Jacksonian march
- Large amplitude movements: jumping, pelvic thrusting

Sensory
- Paraesethesia
- Hallucinations
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus
- Gustatory/ olfactory

19
Q

Hyperarrhythmia on EEG is associated with what epilepsy syndrome?

A

West syndrome

20
Q

Burst suppression on EEG is associated with ______ and ______

A

Anoxic encephalopathy
Barbituates use

21
Q

Lab investigations for acute seizures

A

Routine bloods
Electrolytes- calcium, magnesium
Blood gas

Toxicology
Blood culture
Pregnancy test

Antiepileptic drug level

22
Q

Management of refractory status epilepticus (40-60 mins)

A

Induced coma
- Propofol
- Thiopental
- Pentobarbital
- IV midazolam

Intubation/ ICU

23
Q

Management of eclampsia

A

1st line- magnesium sulphate

Antihypertensives

24
Q

Features associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence

A

CNS lesion
Abdominal EEG
Nocturnal seizure

25
Q

Treatment of typical absence seizures

A

1st line
- ethosuximide

Valproate

2nd line
- lamotrigine
- Clonazepam

26
Q

Treatment of atypical absence seizures

A

1st line
- Valproate
- Lamotrigine
- Topiramate

2nd line
- Clonazepam
- Felbamate

27
Q

Long-term tx of tonic clonic seziures

A

1st line
- lamotrigine
- valproate
- phenobarbital (kids)

2nd line
- Carbamazepine
- Zonisamide

28
Q

Surgical management of temporal lobe epilepsy

A

Resection of anteriomedial temporal lobe/ amygdala + hippocampus

29
Q

Surgical management of epilepsy

A

Resection of lesion
Hemispherectomy

Callostomy/ Hemispherotomy

30
Q

Non-surgical treatments of epilepsy

A

Surgical resection/ deconnection

Vagus nerve/ deep brain stimulation

31
Q

What type of medications should be avoided in hepatic enzyme inducing AEDs

A

Progestin implants
COCP
Progestin-only pills

32
Q

AEDs with low teratogenic risk

A

Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam

Step 3- neurology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions