Epigenetics and Disease

Question 1

Histone

Answer 1

Protein around which DNA winds

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Process of making mRNA from a section of DNA

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Proteins and DNA in the nucleus

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Section of DNA that carries the code for a protein or non coding RNA

Question 5

Epigenetics

Answer 5

Regulation of gene expression not caused by altered DNA sequence

Question 6

DNA methylation leads to

Answer 6

silencing of genes

Question 7

Imprinting

Answer 7

The process of predictable gene silencing on one copy of a chromosome but not on the other, depending on which parent transmits the chromosome.

Question 8

Epigentic modification _____ maintained in successive mitotic cell divisions

Answer 8

are

Question 9

Carries the code for a protein to a ribosome

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

Can regulate gene expression

Answer 10

miRNA

Question 11

Some epigenetic modifications can be

Answer 11

reversed

Question 12

Abnormal methylation of tumor-suppressor genes may be a factor in ____________ of specific types of cancer

Answer 12

progression

Question 13

A gene that has methylation in its ________ region is less likely to be transcribed into mRNA

Answer 13

promoter

Question 14

Oncomirs

Answer 14

MicroRNAs that stimulate development and progression of cancer

Question 15

Housekeeping genes

Answer 15

Genes that are necessary to maintain function of all types of cells and that normally remain transcriptionally active

Question 16

Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance

Answer 16

Hereditary transmission of epigenetic changes to successive generations

Question 17

Environmental chemicals, dietary factors, and alcohol intake can modify gene expression by causing

Answer 17

Epigenetic modifications

Question 18

Causes of Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 18

Chromosomal deletion on the chromosome 15 inherited from the father. Typically that section of the gene is read only on the chromosome that is inherited from the father and not on the chromosome inherited from the mother

Question 19

In Prader-Willi syndrome, which copy of the crucial genes is imprinted

Answer 19

The genes on the chromosome inherited from the mother are imprinted (transcriptionally silenced). Because those same genes are deleted from the chromosome inherited from the father, no products are produced from those genes during development, causing Prader-Willi syndrome.

Question 20

Does imprinting of these genes occur normally, or is this an abnormal occurrence

Answer 20

Imprinting of these genes on the mother’s chromosome is normal. The deletion of those genes fromt he father’s chromosone is abnormal