Epigenetics Flashcards
Epigenetics definition:
any heritable effect on chromosome or gene function that is not accompanied by a change in DNA sequence
When gene is switched on: chromatin is..
histones are..
cytosins are…
active (open)
acetylated
unmethylated
when gene is switched off: chromatin is
histones are
cytosins are
silent (condensed)
deacylated
methylated
Epigenome allows cells to … their past …. long after the … fade away
remember
experiences
signals
E… factors affet epigenetics
Environmental
Nutrients from our … are funneled into … … where the … groups are extracted and attached to our …
food
biochemical pathways
methyl
DNA
reprogamming erases most …… so that the fertilised egg can develop into any type of cell
epigenetic tags
Define epigenome
A record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. This can be passed down into an organisms offspring.
Changes to the epigenome can result in changes in the structure of the … and changes in the function of the …
chromatin
genome
3 ways the epigenome is changed:
Methylation of certain DNA bases suppresses gene expression.
acetylisation can alter activity of DNA wrapped around histones
siRNAs silence gene expression is a sequence specific mannaer by hybridising to complementary regions within mRNA
Waddington epigenetic ‘landscape’
pictorial illustration to show how a cell becomes more and more determined during development
epigenetic tags record the cells experiences on the
DNA
… tags must avoid being …. during ….
Epigenetic
erased
reprogamming
