Epidemiology and Statistics

Question 1

NNT

Answer 1

Number needed to treat (NNT)

• number of patients needed to treat for ONE to achieve desired outcome

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

• Number of new events during a specific time interval in the total population at risk

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

• Proportion of patients who have the disease at a specific instant in time.
• N= cases /total population at a given point in time

Question 4

Leading Causes of death globally

Answer 4

1. IHD
2. Stroke
3. Pneumonia
4. COPD
5. Diarrheal disease
6. HIV/AIDS
7. Lung Cancer
8. DM
9. Road accidents / trauma
10. Prematurity

Question 5

Trajectories of Death

Answer 5

1. Sudden death (cardiac, trauma)
2. Organ Failure (slow, stepwise decline in function)
3. Terminal illness (cancer, highly functional then steep decline)
4. Frailty (slow dwindle with low functioning for long period)