Epidemiology

Question 1

Salmonella Epidemiology

Answer 1

Most cases associated with eating contaminated food (Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Fruits, Veggies)
2nd most common food-borne illness

Question 2

Shigella Epidemiology

Answer 2

Humans only reservoir
Fecal-Oral Spread
Poor sanitation, Daycare, Nurseries, Gay Males is how it can spread
Highly contagious (low ID50) less than 200 cells

Question 3

Yersinia Epidemiology

Answer 3

Zoonotic with humans as accidental hosts
Y. pestis spread by fleas
Urban Plague (Spread by rats)
Sylvatic Plague (Spread by squirrels, rabbits, field rats)

Question 4

Vibrio Cholerae Epidemiology

Answer 4

Found in estuarine and marine environments
Eating contaminated shellfish
Cholera spread by contaminated water and food
Southern and Southeastern Asia common

Question 5

Campylobacter Epidemiology

Answer 5

Ubiquitous commensals of animals (Zootonic disease mainly poultry)
Fecal-oral spread occasionally

Question 6

Helicobacter pylori Epidemiology

Answer 6

Highest in developing countries

Gastric ulcers and cancer make more susceptible

Question 7

Neisseria Meningitidis Epidemiology

Answer 7

Endemic
Spread via aerosol droplets
Colonized nasopharynx
Humans only natural carrier (Children under 5)
Higher rates it poor populations and closed populations

Question 8

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Epidemiology

Answer 8

Underreported
Human only known carrier (2nd to Chlamydia)
Slightly higher in females

Question 9

Nocardia Epidemiology

Answer 9

Ubiquitous in soil
Cause exogenous infections
Immunocompromised patients

Question 10

M. Tuberculosis Epidemiology

Answer 10

Only natural reservoir in humans
Can be established in primates/lab animals
Spread through inhalation
Homeless, Drug abusers, and AIDS ppl at risk

Question 11

M. Leprae Epidemiology

Answer 11

Uncommon in US (Texas, Cali, Hawaii)
Found in armadillos
Person to person spread