Clinical Disease Flashcards
Escherichia Coli (Clinical)
Septicemia (Bacteremia)- Pathogenic bacteria in the blood stream (originates from urinary or GI tract and high mortality in immunocompromised patients)
UTI
Bacteria originates from colon
Urethritis
Inflammation of urethra
Cystitis
Inflammation of urinary bladder
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of kidneys
Neonatal meningitis (E. coli) Clinical Disease
E. coli and group B streptococci biggest cause
75% E. coli strains posses K1 capsular antigen
K1 strain common present in GI tract of pregnant women
Gastroenteritis (E. coli) Clinical Disease
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
Most common manifestation include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and fever
Incubation period 6-72hrs
Symptoms last 2-7 days
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Clinical Disease
Major cause of infant diarrhea (in poor countries)
Strains contain a pathogenicity island that codes for attachment and subsequent destruction of microvilli of epithelial cells of small intestine (A/E histopathology)
Microvilli destruction leads to malabsorption (watery diarrhea)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Clinical Disease
Causes infant diarrhea in developing countries
Travelers diarrhea (Montezuma’s Revenge)
Plasmid mediated LT and ST toxins (Stimulate hypersecretion of fluids and electrolytes)
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC) Clinical Disease
Common in developed countries
May progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (acute renal failure with severe sequelae (5% mortality)
Produce Shiga toxins (A/E lesions decreasing absorption)
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC) Clinical Disease
Similar to Shigella
In underdeveloped countries
Plasmid mediated invasion of intestinal cells, followed by replication and lysis of epithelial cells (colonic ulceration)
Enteroaggregative E. Coli (EAEC) Clinical Disease
Causes infant diarrhea in underdeveloped countries and traveler’s diarrhea in adults
Plasmid mediated agglutination in a “stack brick” arrangement
Stimulate secretion of mucus that traps bacteria in biofilm
Observe shortening of microvilli leading to decreased absorption
Salmonella Gastroenteritis
Most common
Incubation period 6-72 hours (infection not intoxication)
Symptoms last 2-7 days and usually self resolving
Salmonella Bacteremia
All species can cause, although some serovars have higher incidence
S. Choleraesuis, S. Paratyphi, S. Typhi, S. Dublin
Higher incidence in pediatric, geriatric, and immunocompromised patients
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever) Salmonella
Caused by S. Typhi
Bacteria passes through intestinal epithelium and are engulfed by macrophages, replicate and transproted to other organs (Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow)
Symptoms 10-14 days later
Lasts for a week
Salmonella Asymptomatic Colonization
S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi
Chronic colonization for more than 1 year after infection
Constant shedding
Shigellosis (Shigella) Clinical Disease
Gastroenteritis
Symptoms 1-3 days later
Tenesmus (Feeling of incomplete defecation)
Abundant neutrophils, erythocytes and mucus found in the stool
Asymptomatic colonization in small number of patients
Yersinia Clinical Disease
Bubonic plague
Pneumonic Plague
Neisseria Meningitidis Clinical Disease
Meningitis (Inflamed meninges)
Occurs in conjunction with meningococcemia
100% mortality if untreated
Meningococcemia (Nesseria Meningitidis)
Bacteremia caused by N. meningitidis
May occur with or without meningitis (life threatening)
Petechial lesions can coalesce to form larger hemorrhagic lesion
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may follow (blood clots throughout entire body)
Other Neisseria Meningitidis Clinical Diseases
Pharyngitis
Arthritis
Pneumonia
Urethritis
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Clinical Diseases in Men
Gonorrhea (The clap or the drip)
Urethritis (Purulent discharge and dysuria)
Epididymitis (Red swollen painful scrotum)
Most infections are acute and symptomatic after 2-5 days
Early treatment prevents serious sequelae
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Clinical Diseases in Women
Cervicitis/Vaginitis (Burning urination, vaginal discharge, fever, abdominal pain)
Typically asymptomatic
Complications (Pelvic inflammatory disease, Peritonitis, Arthritis Disseminated gonococcal infection)
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (Neisseria Gonorrhoeae)
Result of bacteremia Often skin lesions Petechiae Pustules on extremities Arthralgias (pain in joints) Tenosynovitis (Inflammation of tendon sheath) Septic arthritis Occasional complications (Hepatitis, endocarditis, or meningitis)
Other Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Clinical Diseases
Proctitis
Pharyngitis
Gonococcal Opthalmia Neonatorum (Infected eye in newborn, lid edema, erythmea, purulent discharge)
