Epidemiology

Question 1

Define incidence

Answer 1

number of new cases, in time

Question 2

Define prevalence

Answer 2

number of existing cases, at a single point in time

Question 3

Define absolute risk

Answer 3

using the actual numbers involved, e.g. 50 deaths per 1000 population

Question 4

Define attributable risk

Answer 4

The portion of disease rate attributable to the exposure factor in the epidemiologic context

Question 5

Define relative risk

Answer 5

(risk of event in the intervention group) / (risk of the event in the control group

Question 6

Define odds ratio

Answer 6

odds of event in the intervention group / odds of the event in the control group

Question 7

Define absolute risk reduction

Answer 7

difference in risk between intervention and control groups

Question 8

Define NNT

Answer 8

1/ARR

Question 9

Define bias

Answer 9

studies finding association are more likely to be published

Question 10

Define chance

Answer 10

could all be due to chance

Question 11

Define confounding

Answer 11

other influencing factors (the measured factor could be incidental)

Question 12

Define reverse causation

Answer 12

The link is the other way round - people who are ill do not drink coffee

Question 13

What is the prevention paradox

Answer 13

A preventative measure which brings much benefit to the population often offers little to each individual