epidemiology Flashcards
disease prevalence
the proportion or percentage of diseased
disease incidence
the actual number of people who have the disease
epidemic
when a disease occurs in a very high number of people
pandemic
wide spread
sporadic
geographically separated areas
outbreak
when it occurs in a short period of time where sporadic was
mortality
the measure of death
morbidity
measure of the incidence of death
what is a reservoir?
a see where infections microogamiums are alive
fomite
an inanimate object and depends solely on the human host for completion of its cycle
how do infectious diseases transfer?
direct or indirect or vehicles and vectors
what are the 3 stages for a pathogen o survive transmission
- escape the host
- travel
- entry into a new host
what are some factors to consider in the host community
- co evolution of the host and parasite
- heird immunity (protection of immune– chicken pox)
- hospital acuired infections
- exposure oppertunies- increased rick in hospitals
what is bad about the hospital envrionment?
chain of transmission and the hosts are compromised bc they are sick (weak immune systems)
what are the two ways to control disease?
- immunization
2. quarantine
what are factors that influence the emergence of a new pathogen ?
- human population shifts
- technology and industry
- economic development
- international travel and commence
- breakdown of public health measures
- microbial adaption and change
- abnormal natural occurrences
what will survive airborne transmission?
gram +, spores and anything from the respiratory tract
what are some bacteria for resp disease?
- strep pyrogens
- strep pneumoniae
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Bordetella pertussis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
what does clostridium perfringens cause?
diarrhea and intestinal cramps an gas gangrene
what does staphylococcus aureus cause?
food poisoning
what does clostridium botulinum cause?
very fatal food poisoning - chunky soup
what are some examples of bacteria causing foodbourne infection?
Salmonella, E.coli, listeria, campylobacter, helicobacter
what does waterborne disease transmission depend on?
hos resistance and virulence
what is an infection from drinking water?
salmonella typhi and vibrio cholera and protozoan infection
