Epidemiology

Question 1

what are the 3 most common cancers in men

Answer 1

prostate
lung
colon/rectum

Question 2

most common cancers in women

Answer 2

breast
lung
colon/rectum

Question 3

most lethal cancers for men

Answer 3

lung
prostate
colon/rectum

Question 4

most lethal cancers for women

Answer 4

lung
breast
colon/rectum

Question 5

what is the current epidiomology of cancer

Answer 5

decrease death rate

increase incidence

Question 6

how often will a doctor see a hereditary predisposition

Answer 6

rare

Question 7

non-hereditary predisposing condition: chronic inflammation

Answer 7

creates milieu with growth factors

Question 8

non-hereditary predisposing condition: immunodeficiency

Answer 8

AIDS 
kaposi sarcoma ( HHV-8)

Question 9

what type of tumor is frequent in children

Answer 9

soft tissue tumor

Question 10

Japanese vs. american for non-hereditary predisposing condition

Answer 10

stomach carcinoma mortality higher in japan

nitrates ( indirect) in smokes foods

Question 11

what type of UV does not get filtered through the ozone and causes malignancies

Answer 11

UVB

Question 12

how does ionizing radiation damage

Answer 12

fractures double helix

Question 13

name 2 types of chemical carcinogens

Answer 13

direct

indirect

Question 14

what do direct acting agents need

Answer 14

no metabolic conversion needed

Question 15

what agents are used in indirect agents

Answer 15

cytochrome P450 is used to convert to a mutagenic intermediate

Question 16

Aflatoxin B1

Answer 16

chemical carcinogen
aspergillus mold 
africa 
mutates p53 gene
codon 249 
aflatoxin exposure by high protein diet

Question 17

what are 2 direct agents

Answer 17

alkylating

acylating

Question 18

Indirect: polycyclic and hetercyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, where is it found

Answer 18

fossil fuels

cigarette smoke

Question 19

Lead time bias

Answer 19

a false, but apparent, improvement in survival cause by earlier detection of the same inexorable disease