amplification of molecular oncogenesis

Question 1

role of tumor suppressor gene

Answer 1

reduce genomic instability

Question 2

role of oncogenes

Answer 2

increase genomic instability

Question 3

what test detects micro satellite instability for mutations in tumor suppressors

Answer 3

PCR

Question 4

two hit hypothesis

Answer 4

both copies of tumor supressor must be inactivated for a cancer cell to benefit

Question 5

what is the global functioning test for oncogene activation

Answer 5

PCR or sequencing

Question 6

how many genes need to be activated for an oncogene to be activated

Answer 6

1

Question 7

what role does p53 have

Answer 7

cell cycle arrest

apoptosis pathways

Question 8

how are most p53 muated

Answer 8

point mutation in DNA binding region

Question 9

another functional loss of p54

Answer 9

protein functional deficiency

Question 10

how does HPV degrade p53? other signaling protiens

Answer 10

E6 protein of HPV binds to p53

also binds RB ( increase G1–> S phase transition)

Question 11

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Answer 11

hereditary loss of p53

-1 inherited inactivating mutation

Question 12

what is the role of tumor suppressor gene APC

Answer 12

down regulate B-catenin

Question 13

familial adenomatous polyposis

Answer 13

one defective germ line of APC

colon polyps

Question 14

what is the function of B-catenin oncogene

Answer 14

enters nucleus and up-regulates cell cycle genes

Question 15

what do B-catenins attach

Answer 15

E-cadherin

Question 16

what is E-cadherin

Answer 16

cell surface protein for intercellular adhesion

Question 17

what happens when E-cadherin is defected

Answer 17

frees B-catenin

APC can handle B-catenin unless WNT is activated

Question 18

INK4a/ARF

Answer 18

familial melanoma

Question 19

TGF-beta pathway

Answer 19

eg pancreas

Question 20

PTEN

Answer 20

cowden syndrome ( increase risk of breast cancer)

Question 21

NF1

Answer 21

neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 22

NF2

Answer 22

neurofibromatosis type 2

Question 23

VHL

Answer 23

non Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Question 24

WT1/WT2

Answer 24

Wilms tumor

Question 25

PTCH

Answer 25

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

Question 26

tyrosine kinase receptors are what kind of protein

Answer 26

transmembrane proteins

Question 27

role of RET gene

Answer 27

cell survivial in neuroendocrine cells

Question 28

mutation in RET causes

Answer 28

MEN2A MEN2B familial medullary carcinoma sporadic medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 29

how do you treat gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST)

Answer 29

tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Imatinib

Question 30

BCR-ABL fusion gene occurs from

Answer 30

philadelphia chromosome

Question 31

what are the 2 breakpoints for BCR-ABL

Answer 31

chornic myleogenous leukemia | acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 32

what drug treats BCR-ABL

Answer 32

Imatinib

Question 33

philadelphia chromosome works on what chromosome numbers

Answer 33

9 | 22

Question 34

what is overexpressed in breast cancer

Answer 34

ERBB2 ( Her-2/neu)

Question 35

where is EGFR oncogene found

Answer 35

lung | colon

Question 36

what drug targets EGFR

Answer 36

erlotinib

Question 37

KRAS has mutation where

Answer 37

glycine residues at codons 12 and 13

Question 38

NRAS HRAS mutates where

Answer 38

codon 61

Question 39

BRAF is muation where

Answer 39

V600E

Question 40

BRAF is common where

Answer 40

thyroid melanoma colon

Question 41

P13KCA

Answer 41

New! | breast, lung, colon, gynecologic