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Micro final exam > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

study of occurrence, distribution, control of health & disease

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

disease occurs randomly, irregularly

A

sporadic

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3
Q

disease is constantly present, at low levels, in a population

A

endemic
(malaria: Sub-Saharan Africa)

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4
Q

sudden, unexpected occurrence, localized

A

outbreak

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5
Q

outbreak affecting a large population

A

epidemic

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6
Q

global epidemic

A

pandemic

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7
Q

incidence of a disease

A

morbidity

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8
Q

incidence of death

A

mortality

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9
Q

incidence of death among infected individuals

A

case fatality rate

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10
Q

small mutations in virulence factors (help avoid immune responses)

A

antigenic

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11
Q

MR= #cases /#ppl in a population

A

Morbidity rate

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12
Q

MR = #deaths in population/ # people in population

A

Mortality rate

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13
Q

CFR = # of deaths/ # of confirmed cases

A

Case Fatality Rate

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14
Q

major change in antigenic character of virulence factor

A

antigenic shift

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15
Q

cause epidemics & pandemics

A

shifts

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16
Q

influenza virus has ____ segments (chromosomes)

A

8

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17
Q

same individual can be co-infected by two different species of the same organims

A

superinfection

18
Q

influenza has infection with multiple strains

A

reassortment of chromosomes
generation of new strains
antigenic shift

19
Q

source of infectious agent (living or non-living)

A

reservoir

20
Q

human source of infection
(has pathogen, but is not sick)
(typhoid mary)

A

carrier

21
Q

animal disease that can be transmitted to humans

A

zoonosis

22
Q

organism that transmits disease from one host to another (“living disease carriers”)

A

vector

23
Q

lyme disease

A

ticks

24
Q

plague

A

fleas

25
Q

inanimate object, contaminated

A

fomite

26
Q

non-living mobile substance
(water, dust particles)

A

vehicle

27
Q

infection acquired in the hospital

A

nosocomial infection

28
Q

when the patient is exposed to something under medical care

A

Healthcare associated infections

29
Q

sexual intercourse; handshakes

A

direct contact

30
Q

water glasses & other fomites

A

indirect contact

31
Q

sneezes, coughing

A

airborne droplets

32
Q

sewage-contaminated water

A

waterborne (vehicle)

33
Q

contaminated foods

A

foodborne (vehicle)

34
Q

fungal spores

A

airborne (vehicle)

35
Q

puncture wound contaminated with soil

A

soilborne (vehicle)

36
Q

mites, ticks, mosquitos

A

anthropods/insects (vector)

37
Q

T cells help defend you against ______

A

everything

38
Q

when the pathogen is too virulent, _____ might die before transmission, or host might not be able to contact other hosts

A

host

39
Q

when pathogens emerge, they are typically very ______

A

virulent

40
Q

check with CDC for recommendations

A

vaccination

Micro final exam (6 decks)

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