Epidemiology

Question 1

study of occurrence, distribution, control of health & disease

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

disease occurs randomly, irregularly

Answer 2

sporadic

Question 3

disease is constantly present, at low levels, in a population

Answer 3

endemic
(malaria: Sub-Saharan Africa)

Question 4

sudden, unexpected occurrence, localized

Answer 4

outbreak

Question 5

outbreak affecting a large population

Answer 5

epidemic

Question 6

global epidemic

Answer 6

pandemic

Question 7

incidence of a disease

Answer 7

morbidity

Question 8

incidence of death

Answer 8

mortality

Question 9

incidence of death among infected individuals

Answer 9

case fatality rate

Question 10

small mutations in virulence factors (help avoid immune responses)

Answer 10

antigenic

Question 11

MR= #cases /#ppl in a population

Answer 11

Morbidity rate

Question 12

MR = #deaths in population/ # people in population

Answer 12

Mortality rate

Question 13

CFR = # of deaths/ # of confirmed cases

Answer 13

Case Fatality Rate

Question 14

major change in antigenic character of virulence factor

Answer 14

antigenic shift

Question 15

cause epidemics & pandemics

Answer 15

shifts

Question 16

influenza virus has ____ segments (chromosomes)

Answer 16

8

Question 17

same individual can be co-infected by two different species of the same organims

Answer 17

superinfection

Question 18

influenza has infection with multiple strains

Answer 18

reassortment of chromosomes
generation of new strains
antigenic shift

Question 19

source of infectious agent (living or non-living)

Answer 19

reservoir

Question 20

human source of infection
(has pathogen, but is not sick)
(typhoid mary)

Answer 20

carrier

Question 21

animal disease that can be transmitted to humans

Answer 21

zoonosis

Question 22

organism that transmits disease from one host to another (“living disease carriers”)

Answer 22

vector

Question 23

lyme disease

Answer 23

ticks

Question 24

plague

Answer 24

fleas

Question 25

inanimate object, contaminated

Answer 25

fomite

Question 26

non-living mobile substance
(water, dust particles)

Answer 26

vehicle

Question 27

infection acquired in the hospital

Answer 27

nosocomial infection

Question 28

when the patient is exposed to something under medical care

Answer 28

Healthcare associated infections

Question 29

sexual intercourse; handshakes

Answer 29

direct contact

Question 30

water glasses & other fomites

Answer 30

indirect contact

Question 31

sneezes, coughing

Answer 31

airborne droplets

Question 32

sewage-contaminated water

Answer 32

waterborne (vehicle)

Question 33

contaminated foods

Answer 33

foodborne (vehicle)

Question 34

fungal spores

Answer 34

airborne (vehicle)

Question 35

puncture wound contaminated with soil

Answer 35

soilborne (vehicle)

Question 36

mites, ticks, mosquitos

Answer 36

anthropods/insects (vector)

Question 37

T cells help defend you against ______

Answer 37

everything

Question 38

when the pathogen is too virulent, _____ might die before transmission, or host might not be able to contact other hosts

Answer 38

host

Question 39

when pathogens emerge, they are typically very ______

Answer 39

virulent

Question 40

check with CDC for recommendations

Answer 40

vaccination