Diseases Flashcards
Tuberculosis:
rod-shaped
aerobic
slow growing
mycobacterium tuberculosis
how long does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to form a colony?
two weeks
in 2022, there were 1.5 cases per 100,000 people of ______ in IN
tuberculosis
contains waxes of 60 to 90 carbon mycolic cycles
mycobacterial cell walls
mycobacterial cell wall contain _________ lipids (cord factor)
glycolipid
mycobacterial cell walls are _________.
basic fuchsin dye cannot be removed from cell by aid alcohol treatment
acid-fast
tuberculosis was known as “_________”
consumption
mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by ___________ ________
Robert Koch
tuberculosis is spread by __________-____-___________
person-to-person
tuberculosis can be spread by animal to ______ (M. bovis)
person
mycobacterium tuberculosis is a _________ pathogen
professional
always there to harm you and to replicate
always causes an immune response
professional pathogen
1-10 bacteria can lead to ______
disease
- host inhales
- immune cells recruited, phagocytose bacteria
- bacteria get to lung tissue
-TB - bacteria survive, replicate
-Granulomas
-ghon complex (calcified)
Primary infection
mycobacterium are still ____ in the ghon complex
alive
Ghon complex:
-months to decades
-immune cells fail to contain TB replication
-bacterial dissemination: lung, bloodstream, other organs
active disease
TB epidemiology:
____ of world population infected
-most common: homeless, elderly, malnourished, prisons
1/3
PPD: purified protein derivative
-injected into skin
-look for reaction
detection
tuberculin can not cause ____
TB
if you got a positive result from PPD: you follow up with
chest X-ray
blood culture
DNA probes
miracle drug to treat TB in 50s
streptomycin
if you have had the vaccine & your PPD is positive
then your immune system interacts w vaccine and protects you from TB
You can not have TB from the _____ (vaccine)
tuberculin
inadequate therapy:
non-compliance
forgetting
erratic therapy
suboptimal dosage
Multi-drug resistant TB
Leprosy: Hansens disease
Mycobacterium leprae
how many cases worldwide of leprosy?
11 million
mycobacterium leprae incubates for ____ to _____ years
3-5
leprosy is an
obligate intracellular pathogen
what does leprosy invade
nerve or skin cells
leprosy attaches to _____ first, then attacks _____
skin cells, nerves
less aggressive and less progressive form of leprosy
tuberculoid leprosy
what happens when you have tuberculoid leprosy
hypersensitivity reaction
skin lesions
damage to nerves, skin
lepromatous leprosy invade skin _________
schwann cells
the lepromatous leprosy destroys
peripheral nerves
what happens when peripheral nerves are destroyed:
loss of sensation: inapparent injuries
loss of bone calcium: deformities
rabies (rage)
rhabdovirus
rabies morphology
bullet
is rabies genome ssRNA or dsRNA
ssRNA genome
how is rabies transmitted
SALIVA (biting)
virus binds & enters into ______ cells
muscle
once the virus is in muscle cells, then attacks __________, then goes to spinal cord, spreads throughout _________ (salivary glands, brain)
neurons, body
when do symptoms start for rabies
2-6 weeks
negri bodies replicate in
brain
some symptoms of rabies are
anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of appetite, fever, sensitivity to light & sound, hydrophobia, rage
after the symptoms develop, how quickly do you die
2-10 days
awareness day for rabies is
Sept. 28th
plague
Yersinia pestis
what are the three types of plague
bubonic
pneumonic
septicemic
the plague is a _________ bacteria
(enterboaceriaceae)
gram -
yersinia pestis does NOT infect the ___________ tract
gastrointestinal
yersinia pestis alters _______
genomes
how is the plague transmitted
flea bites to humans
what are natural reservoirs of the plague
rodents
y pestis lost functionality of ______ and ___________ important for enteric disease
adhesin, invasion
y pestis lost adhesion and invasion and gained ____
factors of flea survival
inhibit phagocytosis, prevent proinflammatory response, apoptosis of macrophages
YOPS
YOPS turn ____ all of what the macrophage to allow the y pestis to stay inside the flea
off
local cutaneous infection
migration to lymph node
inflammation: bubo
bubonic plague
spread systematically
from buboes or not
fever, chills, shock
local hemorrhages, tissue necrosis
septicemic
by inhalation
highly contagious by respiratory secretions
fever, pneumonia, chest pain
pneumonic
the plague is _____ - _________ fatal
70-100%
pneumonic: ___ incubation, death ___ days later, _____% mortality
3, 3, 90
