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Micro final exam > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberculosis:
rod-shaped
aerobic
slow growing

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

how long does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to form a colony?

A

two weeks

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3
Q

in 2022, there were 1.5 cases per 100,000 people of ______ in IN

A

tuberculosis

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4
Q

contains waxes of 60 to 90 carbon mycolic cycles

A

mycobacterial cell walls

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5
Q

mycobacterial cell wall contain _________ lipids (cord factor)

A

glycolipid

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6
Q

mycobacterial cell walls are _________.
basic fuchsin dye cannot be removed from cell by aid alcohol treatment

A

acid-fast

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7
Q

tuberculosis was known as “_________”

A

consumption

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8
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by ___________ ________

A

Robert Koch

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9
Q

tuberculosis is spread by __________-____-___________

A

person-to-person

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10
Q

tuberculosis can be spread by animal to ______ (M. bovis)

A

person

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11
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis is a _________ pathogen

A

professional

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12
Q

always there to harm you and to replicate
always causes an immune response

A

professional pathogen

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13
Q

1-10 bacteria can lead to ______

A

disease

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14
Q
  1. host inhales
  2. immune cells recruited, phagocytose bacteria
  3. bacteria get to lung tissue
    -TB
  4. bacteria survive, replicate
    -Granulomas
    -ghon complex (calcified)
A

Primary infection

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15
Q

mycobacterium are still ____ in the ghon complex

A

alive

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16
Q

Ghon complex:
-months to decades
-immune cells fail to contain TB replication
-bacterial dissemination: lung, bloodstream, other organs

A

active disease

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17
Q

TB epidemiology:
____ of world population infected
-most common: homeless, elderly, malnourished, prisons

A

1/3

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18
Q

PPD: purified protein derivative
-injected into skin
-look for reaction

A

detection

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19
Q

tuberculin can not cause ____

A

TB

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20
Q

if you got a positive result from PPD: you follow up with

A

chest X-ray
blood culture
DNA probes

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21
Q

miracle drug to treat TB in 50s

A

streptomycin

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22
Q

if you have had the vaccine & your PPD is positive

A

then your immune system interacts w vaccine and protects you from TB

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23
Q

You can not have TB from the _____ (vaccine)

A

tuberculin

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24
Q

inadequate therapy:
non-compliance
forgetting
erratic therapy
suboptimal dosage

A

Multi-drug resistant TB

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25
Q

Leprosy: Hansens disease

A

Mycobacterium leprae

26
Q

how many cases worldwide of leprosy?

A

11 million

27
Q

mycobacterium leprae incubates for ____ to _____ years

A

3-5

28
Q

leprosy is an

A

obligate intracellular pathogen

29
Q

what does leprosy invade

A

nerve or skin cells

30
Q

leprosy attaches to _____ first, then attacks _____

A

skin cells, nerves

31
Q

less aggressive and less progressive form of leprosy

A

tuberculoid leprosy

32
Q

what happens when you have tuberculoid leprosy

A

hypersensitivity reaction
skin lesions
damage to nerves, skin

33
Q

lepromatous leprosy invade skin _________

A

schwann cells

34
Q

the lepromatous leprosy destroys

A

peripheral nerves

35
Q

what happens when peripheral nerves are destroyed:

A

loss of sensation: inapparent injuries
loss of bone calcium: deformities

36
Q

rabies (rage)

A

rhabdovirus

37
Q

rabies morphology

A

bullet

38
Q

is rabies genome ssRNA or dsRNA

A

ssRNA genome

39
Q

how is rabies transmitted

A

SALIVA (biting)

40
Q

virus binds & enters into ______ cells

A

muscle

41
Q

once the virus is in muscle cells, then attacks __________, then goes to spinal cord, spreads throughout _________ (salivary glands, brain)

A

neurons, body

42
Q

when do symptoms start for rabies

A

2-6 weeks

43
Q

negri bodies replicate in

A

brain

44
Q

some symptoms of rabies are

A

anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of appetite, fever, sensitivity to light & sound, hydrophobia, rage

45
Q

after the symptoms develop, how quickly do you die

A

2-10 days

46
Q

awareness day for rabies is

A

Sept. 28th

47
Q

plague

A

Yersinia pestis

48
Q

what are the three types of plague

A

bubonic
pneumonic
septicemic

49
Q

the plague is a _________ bacteria
(enterboaceriaceae)

A

gram -

50
Q

yersinia pestis does NOT infect the ___________ tract

A

gastrointestinal

51
Q

yersinia pestis alters _______

A

genomes

52
Q

how is the plague transmitted

A

flea bites to humans

53
Q

what are natural reservoirs of the plague

A

rodents

54
Q

y pestis lost functionality of ______ and ___________ important for enteric disease

A

adhesin, invasion

55
Q

y pestis lost adhesion and invasion and gained ____

A

factors of flea survival

56
Q

inhibit phagocytosis, prevent proinflammatory response, apoptosis of macrophages

A

YOPS

57
Q

YOPS turn ____ all of what the macrophage to allow the y pestis to stay inside the flea

A

off

58
Q

local cutaneous infection
migration to lymph node
inflammation: bubo

A

bubonic plague

59
Q

spread systematically
from buboes or not
fever, chills, shock
local hemorrhages, tissue necrosis

A

septicemic

60
Q

by inhalation
highly contagious by respiratory secretions
fever, pneumonia, chest pain

A

pneumonic

61
Q

the plague is _____ - _________ fatal

A

70-100%

62
Q

pneumonic: ___ incubation, death ___ days later, _____% mortality

A

3, 3, 90

Micro final exam (6 decks)

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