Clinical Microbiology Flashcards
isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms from specimens, quickly
clinical microbiologists
non-pathogens
general safety standards (PPE as needed)
door and a sink
BSL1
human disease, moderate hazard, “indigenous”
BSL2
indigenous or exotic, serious or lethal disease by respiratory transmission
BSL3
Dangerous & exotic, high risk aerosol transmission
BSL4
potentially infected human material collected for testing
clinical sample
aseptically
representative of infected site
adequate quantity for testing
appropriate container
before antibiotics given
specimen collection for clinical sample
suprapubic aspiration
clean catch
catheter
urine collection
fecal samples
sputum
other samples expected by patients
swab
needle aspiration
biopsy, surgical removal
wound & abscesses collection
use anaerobic transport vials, move quickly
anaerobes
direct examination
staining
microscopy
direct: detect presence of pathogens
indirect: detect presence of antibodies to pathogen
immunofluorescence
says this is the pathogen that is present in the sample
direct
antibodies attach to the pathogen saying pathogen might be there or has been there (looking for the antibody)
indirect
grow in cell culture (takes awhile for them to grow)
look for cytopathic effects (changes in the cell)
viruses (growth)
fungal media
colony morphology
- does it look fuzzy
fungi (growth)
difficult to grow
most are intracellular parasites
protozoans (growth)
nutrients to support growth of a lot of different microbes
rich media
inhibiting growth of one thing but letting another grow
selective
something is growing, changing, or color change
differential
check for antibodies to pathogen
skin tests
immunological tests
patient has to have both proteins positive (GP41 & P24) to have ____
HIV
antigen in the sample shows that the _______ is there
pathogen
present of the ______ shows the pathogen has been there, is there, or has been vaccinated
antibody
tests for metabolites and lipids
gas-liquid chromatography
superseding phenotypic tests
identify metabolites & proteins
mass spectrometry
measures levels of specific DNA fragments or RNAs
fluorescent probes incorporated during PCR
measure intensity
quantitative PCR
sample is taken to bioreceptor or electrical interface, transducers, electronic system
biosensors
