Epidemics: Cholera

Question 1

True or False. The WHOLE Cholera epidemic was between 1831- 32

Answer 1

• False
• This was one epidemic.
• It was from 1831- 1866

Question 2

What was the impact of
cholera reaching Britain ?

When? Impact P + N? Example…

Answer 2

1831
- N: caused many deaths
E: By 1832, killed 32000 people
- P: government were less l’aissez faire

Question 3

What impact did the government cleaning rubbish from the streets have?

Impact P + N?

Answer 3

• P: reduced spread of disease
• N: for the wrong reasons… miasma

Question 4

How did John Snow affect public health?

When? What? Example? Impact P + N?

Answer 4

• 1854
• W: made link between contaminated water and cholera.
• E: analysed Broad Street Water Pump
• P: stopped cholera outbreak
• N: l’aissez faire attitude continued

Question 5

In 1830, what were the beliefs about disease?

Answer 5

1.) Miama theory
2.) Church said it was punishment
3.) Connections between dirt + disease

Question 6

Give 2 local responses to cholera in 1830’s.

Answer 6

1.) Burning tar
2.) Clean rubbish from streets

Question 7

Give a national response to cholera in the 1830’s.

Answer 7

• National Day of Fasting and humiliation.

Question 8

In 1842, what was published….

Answer 8

• “The Sanitary Conditions of Labouring population” report.
• Outlined importance of collecting waste, replacing drains and sewers.

Question 9

Give 2 national impact of the 1848 Public Health Act.

Answer 9

• Set up General Board of Health.
• Encouraged to clean up
• General Board of Health (appointed medical officers.)

Question 10

Give 2 local impacts of the 1848 Public Health Act.

Answer 10

1.) Limited impact because was permissive
2.) Middle-class didn’t want increase in tax.

Question 11

When did Snow’s ideas become widely accepted?

Answer 11

• 1866

Question 12

Give 1 national impact of Snow and Louis Pasteur’s ideas.

Answer 12

• Sanitary Act 1866
• Local councils responsible for waste, water supply and sewers.

Question 13

Give 1 local impact of Snow and Pasteur’s ideas.

Answer 13

• Joseph Bazalgette’s London sewers. (1865)

Question 14

In 1866, what happened to the miasma theory?

Answer 14

• 186: Miasma theory replaced with germ theory.

Question 15

How did Louis Pasteur affect Public Health?

What? When? Example? Impact P + N?

Answer 15

• W: Germ Theory (proved that Germ’s caused disease)
• W: 1861
• P: led to Sanitary Act
• E: made councils responsible for waste, water, sewers
• N: the science took long to be accepted/ towards end of period.

affected food = pasteurisation

Question 16

How did Joseph Bazalgette affect public health?

What? When? Example? Impact P + N?

Answer 16

W: built London’s sewers after The Great Stink.
W: Opened in 1865
E: 1300 miles of sewers pumped out to Thames estuary.
P: Cholera cases less in 1865-66 epidemic
N: clean water unintentional/ took long.

Question 17

How did the scientific knowledge impact the cholera epidemic?

Answer 17

• Less deaths in 1866.
• Cleaniness became important.

Question 18

What were the 3 different responses to cholera

Answer 18

1.) 1830’s –> miasma theory
2.) 1848 –> more awarness of cleaniness
3.) 1854 –> turning point of scientific thinking
4.) 1866 –> long- term impact of dealing with public health.

Question 19

Give 2 cholera symptons.

Answer 19

• Yellow diarrhoea
• Violent vomitting