EOC review 1 Flashcards
What chemical process converts solar energy into chemical energy?
photosynthesis - makes food
Which level has the most available energy? Why?
the bottom because energy is lost at each step in a food chain. Energy is used by the organisms to live so not all the energy goes to the next level.
Why are the bacteria and fungi so important to the ecosystem?
They are the decomposers that release nutrients to be used by other organisms.
Why is it good for a food web to be more complex? Think about what happens if snails are wiped out in each of the communities. Give two animals directly impacted, and explain what happens to each.
In the complex, stable community, when snails are removed, animals have other choices to eat so things will be affected but probably won’t die out completely.
Raccoons and crabs will go down in number. Crabs will be less impacted because they have another source of food.
Algae and marsh grass will increase in number because fewer things will be eating them.
Which community would be considered more diverse, and what is the importance of biodiversity?
community 1 has more of different varieties of trees which allow more variety of other organisms to exist there
Is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? How do you know?
Is this cell a plant cell or an animal cell? How do you know?
eukaryote - has a nucleus and organelles
animal - no cell wall no chloroplasts, and no water vacuole
Is this cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? How do you know?
What kind of organism is it?
prokaryote - no nucleus or organelles
bacteria
Is this cell a eukaryote or a prokaryote? How do you know?
Is it a plant or an animal cell? How
eukaryote - has a nucleus and organelles
plant - has a cell wall, has chloroplasts, has a large water vacuole
What chemical codes for your body and is called your genetic or hereditary information?
What chemical builds the structure of your body?
What chemical reads the code and actually constructs you?
DNA
proteins
RNA
What type of inheritance is this?
How do you know?
incomplete dominance
neither red nor white shows up - they blend
If red and white are incompletely dominant, what would be the genotypes for red, white, and pink flowers?
What are the chances of a red flower crossing with a white flower making pink?
What are the chances of a red crossed with a pink producing white?
red - RR
white - rr
pink - Rr
red crossed with white can only make pink - 100%
red crossed with pink will make half red and half pink - 50%/50%
What cell structure is made of RNA?
What number is it?
nucleolus
5
In what cell structure are proteins synthesized?
What number is it?
ribosomes
12
What organelle packages proteins into sacks called vesicles?
What number is it?
Golgi apparatus
13
What organelle produces energy for the cell by respiration?
What number is it?
mitochondrion
9
What cell structure controls transport of food, oxygen, and wastes into and out of a cell
What number is it?
cell membrane
11
What cell structure transports proteins?
What number is it?
rough ER
16
What happens to the kelp when the sea otters are killed off?
nothing is eating the sea urchins so they eat all the kelp and destroy the kelp forest
In what kind of ecosystem would rot-resistant roots be important?
a wet ecosystem like a rainforest or jungle and a marsh
What is the primary function of DNA in organisms?
It is the genetic code. It codes for proteins which are the structure and function of the body
What is needed to run a good scientific experiment?
one variable
a control group with everything constant except the variable
an experimental group
a good size test group
a hypothesis that is testable
What tool measures mass?
triple beam balance
What conclusion is best supported by the data in the graph below?
a. organisms are less active between the months of November- February
b. August is the hottest month.
c. the temperature was highest in July and August.
C
Why does lettuce wilt after salt is added?
The lettuce cells release water by osmosis. The water moves toward the solute.
How do enzymes function in the body?
They are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed for reactions.
Which graph shows enzyme activity with increasing temperature? Explain
The enzyme changes shape (denatures) when it gets too hot so it can’t fit with its substrate. It can’t work.
What is the most likely explanation for the different shapes of the beaks in finches?
eating different foods
What are the two major differences between active and passive cell transport?
- active uses energy and passive does not
- active goes against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration while passive follows the gradient from high to low conentration
What are the passageways through the cell membrane called?
channels or carrier proteins
Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. If two people are heterozygous for brown eyes, what is the probability of them having a child with blue eyes?
1/4 or 25%
How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
produces new individuald different from parents by passing on a unique half the DNA
How do you recognize a simple dominant pedigree?
The trait usually shows up every generation in both males and females equally. The trait can’t be passed on to the offspring without the parents having it.
How do you recognize a simple recessive pedigree?
It skips generations. Two parents without showing a trait can have offspring that show the trait. The parents would be called carriers.
Why do populations not keep doubling indefinitely?
What do we call the level where the population quits increasing in size and just maintains its level?
There are limiting factors like predators, disease, and food shortages.
carrying capacity
What contributes to genetic variation in meiosis?
crossing over
Which set of chromosomes represents a mutation? Explain.
set 21 - You should have 2 of every chromosome not 3 - 1 from each parent
