chapter 1

Question 1

What is meant by the term scientia?

Answer 1

to know

Question 2

What 3 things make science different from other fields of study?

Answer 2

1. deals only with natural world
2. collects and organizes information in an orderly way
3. explanations are based on evidence

Question 3

What group of people were the first to believe that the universe is governed by natural laws?

Answer 3

Greek philosophers like Aristotle

Question 4

to notice using one’s senses

Answer 4

observation

Question 5

a logical interpretation based on what is known

Answer 5

inference

Question 6

a proposed explanation for a set of observations, can be tested

Answer 6

hypothesis

Question 7

What are the two possible results of a scientific experiment?

Answer 7

1. supports hypothesis

2. rejects hypothesis

Question 8

an experiment where only one variable is changed between two test groups

Answer 8

controlled experiment

Question 9

the manipulated variable, set up differently in the control and experimental group

Answer 9

independent variable or IV

Question 10

the responding variable, measured to determine the effect of the manipulated variable

Answer 10

dependent variable or DV

Question 11

the group being tested, has the IV

Answer 11

experimental group

Question 12

the group without the variable, used to compare to the experimental group

Answer 12

control group

Question 13

all the factors that are the same between the experimental and control group (2 terms)

Answer 13

constants

controlled variables

Question 14

How many variables should be present in a controlled experiment? How many factors should be tested at one time?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

the information gathered during an experiment

Answer 15

data

Question 16

What are the two types of data?

Which of the two types of data is preferred, and why?

Answer 16

qualitative and quantitative

Quantitative is preferred because it is a number and is therefore usually agreed upon.

Question 17

A hypothesis is usually written in what form?

What does each part represent?

Answer 17

if/then

if = IV and then = DV

Question 18

Because science is constantly experimenting, it is always… and the answers to some questions usually bring about more…

Answer 18

changing

questions

Question 19

What is done with the data to make it more organized and visual?

Answer 19

put into tables and graphs

Question 20

Once the data is organized and visual, we must do what to draw our conclusions?

Answer 20

analysis - look for patterns and trends

Question 21

What does a good scientist do if their data refutes their hypothesis?

Answer 21

revise it and keep working

Question 22

What is the difference between pure and applied science?

Answer 22

pure - just to know

applied - do make something useful (technology)

Question 23

Give 4 traits of a good scientist, and say what each means.

Answer 23

1. curious - want to know
2. skeptical - want proof
3. open-minded - willing to look at new ideas
4. creative - think of new ways to design experiments

Question 24

When other scientists look at your experiments to see if you followed the scientific process correctly, it is called what?

Answer 24

peer review

Question 25

Why should experimental and control groups be large?

Answer 25

to ensure reliability

Question 26

What is it called when a scientist repeats an experiment with multiple trials? Why is this done?

Answer 26

replication - to ensure that what happened wasn't unusual

Question 27

What improves the quality of observations? Give examples.

Answer 27

tools - rulers, graduated cylinders, microscopes

Question 28

What are common sources of error in experiments?

Answer 28

human error mechanical error more than one variable too small a sample size

Question 29

the smallest living unit that organisms are made up of

Answer 29

cell

Question 30

an organism made of one cell

Answer 30

unicellular

Question 31

an organism made of many cells

Answer 31

multicellular

Question 32

all animals begin life as a fertilized egg called a what?

Answer 32

zygote

Question 33

the process where cells become unique by getting specific jobs to do (2 terms)

Answer 33

cell differentiation and cell specialization

Question 34

the chemical that serves as our genetic code

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

when one parent divides to make genetically identical offspring

Answer 35

asexual reproduction

Question 36

when the DNA of two organisms is combined to make diverse offspring

Answer 36

sexual reproduction

Question 37

when an organism increases in size

Answer 37

growth

Question 38

when an organism matures to its adult form

Answer 38

development

Question 39

a change in the environment to which an organism responds

Answer 39

stimulus

Question 40

a reaction to a stimulus

Answer 40

response

Question 41

an organism's constant (stable) internal environment

Answer 41

homeostasis

Question 42

How do humans maintain homeostasis of body temperature?

Answer 42

if hot - sweat and turn red to release heat | if cold - shiver and get goosebumps to generate heat

Question 43

all the chemical reactions in an organism (designed to provide energy for survival)

Answer 43

metabolism

Question 44

the idea that life on earth is adapting over time and that all life is related through DNA

Answer 44

evolution

Question 45

From what does most life on earth ultimately get its energy? Where do animals get their energy?

Answer 45

the sun - animals eat food

Question 46

If an organism can't maintain homeostasis, what happens?

Answer 46

gets sick and can die

Question 47

What element forms the foundation of life?

Answer 47

carbon - We say organisms are carbon-based

Question 48

How long ago do we believe life on earth developed?

Answer 48

3.5 billion years ago

Question 49

the layer of life around earth - our living planet

Answer 49

biosphere

Question 50

the original decimal system of measurement | the modern decimal system

Answer 50

metric system | SI

Question 51

What are the four basic measurements in the metric system, and what does each measure?

Answer 51

meter - length liter - liquid volume kilogram - mass degrees Celsius - temperature

Question 52

Give two reasons why SI or metric is preferred in science?

Answer 52

1. universal | 2. based on tens - easier to use and convert

Question 53

What is the most important lab safety rule?

Answer 53

follow the directions

Question 54

a group of specialized cells- give examples

Answer 54

tissue - epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

Question 55

a group of tissues- give examples

Answer 55

organ - heart, lung, liver, kidney

Question 56

a group of organs - give examples

Answer 56

organ system - digestive, circulatory

Question 57

traces of living things that are no longer here, help us understand how life on earth has evolved

Answer 57

fossils

Question 58

when a scientist has a preformed opinion or particular point of view

Answer 58

bias

Question 59

a well accepted big idea in science that unifies many hypotheses - give examples

Answer 59

theory - cell theory, germ theory, atomic theory

Question 60

What is the freezing and boiling point of water in Celsius?

Answer 60

freezing - 0 degrees Celsius | boiling - 100 degrees Celsius

Question 61

Why is Kelvin the SI unit for temperature?

Answer 61

has absolute zero

Question 62

a tool for magnification, allows scientists to observe in great detail

Answer 62

microscope

Question 63

name the two basic types of microscopes, and give the advantages of each

Answer 63

compound light microscope - can see living cells move around and can see color but in less detail electron microscope - can see in great detail but object must be dead and can only see black and white

Question 64

Name the four basic parts of an organism's metabolism, and say what each part does.

Answer 64

1. ingestion - to eat 2. digestion - to break down food 3. respiration - burn food (usually with oxygen) to get energy 4. excretion - get rid of waste

Question 65

one type of living thing, can breed and produce viable young and share DNA similarities

Answer 65

species

Question 66

the study of animals

Answer 66

zoology

Question 67

the study of plants

Answer 67

botany

Question 68

the study of ecosystems (where organisms live)

Answer 68

ecology

Question 69

the study of fossils

Answer 69

paleontology

Question 70

the study of body parts

Answer 70

anatomy

Question 71

the foot word that means not or without - give an example

Answer 71

a - asexual

Question 72

the root word that means self - give an example

Answer 72

auto - autotroph

Question 73

the root word that means life - give an example

Answer 73

bio - biology

Question 74

the root word that means study of - give an example

Answer 74

logy - biology

Question 75

the root word that means the same - give an example

Answer 75

homeo (homo) - homeostasis

Question 76

the root word that means below - give an example

Answer 76

hypo - hypothesis

Question 77

the root word that means small - give an example

Answer 77

micro - microscope

Question 78

the root word that means many - give an example

Answer 78

multi - multicellular

Question 79

the root word that means one - give an example

Answer 79

uni - unicellular

Question 80

the root word that means to know

Answer 80

scientia - science

Question 81

the root word that means to look - give an example

Answer 81

scope - microscope

Question 82

the root word that means a statement - give an example

Answer 82

thesis - hypothesis

Question 83

Give an example of a unicellular and a multicellular organism.

Answer 83

unicellular - bacteria | multicellular - human

Question 84

give an example of development

Answer 84

tadpole becomes a frog | caterpillar becomes a moth

Question 85

a moral choice - right and wrong applied to biology - give an example

Answer 85

bioethical issue - stem cell research or animal experimentation