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Enzymology > Enzynes In Biotecnology > Flashcards

Enzynes In Biotecnology Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme acts as a detergent to break down protein stains

A

Proteases

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2
Q

What enzyme breaks down starches in food

A

Amylase

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3
Q

What enzyme is used in biodiesel production

A

Lipases

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4
Q

What enzyme was first discovered and in what year?

A

diastase (amylase) in 1833

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5
Q

Who demonstrated that enzymes could operate outside of the call

A

Eduard Buchner’s in 1897

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6
Q

What do protease enzymes do?

A

Catalyze the breakdown of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleaving peptide bonds

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7
Q

Proteases are used in food processing to?

A

Coagulated milk during cheese production

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8
Q

Which enzyme function in tenderizing meat

A

Proteases

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9
Q

What makes lipases valuable for lipid processing?

A

Their ability to catalyze the breakdown of fats into fatty acid and glycerol

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10
Q

Lipases enhances flavor by breaking down the flavors what?

A

Fat molecules

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11
Q

Lipases function in biofuel production through what process?

A

Transesterification

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12
Q

Lipases function in biofuel production through what process?

A

Transaction

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13
Q

Transesterification is an environmentally friendly alternative to what?

A

Fossils fuel

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14
Q

Which enzyme breakdown starch into simpler sugars

A

Amylase

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15
Q

What enzyme functions in the production of alcohol

A

Amylase

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16
Q

Alcohol is produced from?

A

Fermentanle sugar

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17
Q

What agents are removed from textile before treatment and what removes it?

A

Starch-based sizing agents
By
Amylase

18
Q

Amylase modifies starch paper industry in order to ____

A

Improve paper quality

19
Q

What enzyme is an active in baking

A

Amylase

20
Q

What does cellulases enzyme do?

A

Breaks down cellulose into glucose

21
Q

What is the primary component of plant cell wall

A

Cellulose

22
Q

How does cellulases improve cotton fabrics and remove frizz

A

By biopolishing

23
Q

_______ and ________ are involved in biofuel production

A

Lipases and cellulases

24
Q

What is the role of cellulases in feed processing

A

enhance the digestibility of plant material, improving nutrient availability for livestock.

25
Q

Examples of industrial enzymes

A

Proteases
Lipases
Amylases
Cellulases
Pectinases
Lactases

26
Q

Which enzyme functions in fruit juice production by breaking down pectin

A

Pectinases

27
Q

What enzyme serves to compensate for lactose intolerance

A

Lactases

28
Q

How does lactases compensate for lactose intolerance

A

Breaking down lactose into lactose-free products

29
Q

Enzymes can be extracted from natural sources like

A

Plants
Animals
Microbial cells

30
Q

Cell disruption in extraction occurs by

A

Sonication and homogenization

31
Q

Methods of enzyme purification

A

Dialysis,
Chromatography
electrophoresis

32
Q

Microbial productionb by of enzymes involves

A

Fermentation
Downstream

33
Q

_____ involves the separation, extraction and purification of cells

A

Downstream regulation

34
Q

Fermentation in the production of enzymes is carried out in_____

A

Batch, field batch and continuous system

35
Q

What are therapeutic enzymes

A

These are enzymes used to treat diseases caused by enzyme deficiencies or metabolic disorders by supplementing the body’s enzyme levels.

36
Q

Give an example of enzymes replacement therapy

A

Lysosomal storage disease (gauche disease)
Replacement = enzyme-imiglucerase

37
Q

Examples of enzymes that dissolve blood clots

A

Streptokinase
Plasminogen activator

38
Q

What enzyme studies drug metabolism

A

Cytochrome P450

39
Q

Which enzymes breakdown organic matter in sewage to form back clean water

A

Lipases, cellulases and proteases

40
Q

Bioremediation to degrade organic compounds like pesticides is done by______

A

Laccases, peroxidases and dehalogenases

41
Q

Chiral intermediates enhancing drug purity is done by which enzymes

A

Lipases and proteases

42
Q

Future trends???

A

Genomics
Proteomics
Synthetic biology

Enzymology (7 decks)

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