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CC2 lab semi finals > Enzymology part 2 (liver) > Flashcards

Enzymology part 2 (liver) Flashcards

1
Q

liver weighs about

A

1.2 - 1.5 kg

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2
Q

cells in the liver

A

hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

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3
Q

functions of the liver (6)

A
  • excretory
  • secretory
  • synthetic function
  • detoxification
  • drug metabolism
  • storage
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4
Q

liver is divided by

A

falciparum ligament

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5
Q

laboratory for liver

A
  • bilirubin measurement
  • serum enzymes
  • PT and APTT
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5
Q

kupffer cells is also known as the ___

A

macrophage

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6
Q

liberates inorganic phosphate form organic esters with the concominant production of alcohol

A

alkaline phosphatase

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7
Q

alkaline phosphatase also known as?

A

alkaline orthophospheric monoester phosphohydrolase

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8
Q

activators of ALP

A

magnesium and manganese

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9
Q

is ALP specific or not?

A

it is non-specific since it has a lot of major sources

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10
Q

pH of alkaline phosphatase

A

9.0 - 10.5

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11
Q

major sources of ALP

LKPINSP

A
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • placenta
  • intestine
  • spleen
  • bone
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12
Q

ALP is elevated in?

A
  • osteoblastic in kids during growth
  • > 50 yrs old
  • pregnancy (19-18 weeks)
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13
Q

clinical significance of alkaline phosphatase

A
  • obstructive jaundice
  • pregnancy
  • Paget’s disease
  • rickets
  • bone cancer
  • other bone disease
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14
Q

ALP methods

A
  • electrophoresis
  • heat stability
  • chemical inhibition
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15
Q

normal isoenzymes in ALP during electrophoresis

A
  • liver
  • bone
  • placental
  • intestinal
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16
Q

abnormal isoenzymes in ALP during eletrophoresis

A

regan and nagao

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17
Q

regan and nagao are seen in ___ or __

A

cancers or carcino placental disorders

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18
Q

ALP sources during heat stability and identify which is the most stable?

A
  • placental
  • intestinal
  • liver
  • bone
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19
Q

what are tested in ALP during chemical inhibition

A
  • phenylalanine
  • 3M urea
  • L-leucine
  • Levamisole
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20
Q

this inhibits placental, intestinal, and regan

A

phenylalanine

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21
Q

this inhibits bone ALP

A

3M urea

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22
Q

this inhibits the nagao

A

L-leucine

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23
Q

this inhibits the liver and bone

A

levamisole

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24
Q

enumerate the methods and substrate for this product:

inorganic phosphate glycerol

A

Methods:
- Bodansky
- Shinowara
- Jones
- Reinhart

substrate: B-glycero phosphate

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25
Q

enumerate the methods and substrate for this product:

phenol

A

Methods:
- King
- Armstrong

substrate:phenylphosphate

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26
Q

enumerate the method and substrate for this product:

p-nitrophenol

A
  • Bessy
  • Lowry
  • Brock
  • Bowers
  • McComb

substrate: P-nitrophenyl phosphate

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26
Q

aspartate aminotransferase main function:
transfer of amino group between ____ and ___ resulting in oxaloacetate and glutamate.

A

transfer of amino group between aspartate and alpha keto acids resulting in oxaloacetate and glutamate.

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27
Q

major sources of AST

A
  • liver
  • cardiac muscles
  • skeletal muscles
28
Q

other sources of AST

A

kidney, pancreas, RBCs

29
Q

clinical significance of AST

HSGRA

A
  • hepatocellular disorders
  • skeletal muscle injury
  • gangrene
  • reye’s syndrome
  • AMI
30
Q

AST of AMI
elevates:
peaks:
normalize:

A

elevates: 6-8 after onset
peaks: 24 hrs
normalize: 5 days

31
Q

AST methods

A

karmen method and reitman frankel

32
Q

utilizes malate dehydrogenase to monitor change in absorbance at 340 nm

A

karmen method

AST

33
Q

pH of karmen method

A

7.3 - 7.8

34
Q

main function of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

transfer of amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate (protein metabolism)

35
Q

alanine aminotransferase also known as

A

serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

36
Q

which is more specific ALT or AST

A

ALT - abundant in the liver

37
Q

other sources of ALT

KPRHSL

A
  • kidney
  • pancreas
  • RBC
  • heart
  • skeletal muscles
  • lungs
38
Q

clinical significance of ALT

A
  • elevated in hepatic disorders
  • monitor course of hepatitis treatment
  • used to screen blood donors
39
Q

ALT method

A
  • coupled enzymatic methods
40
Q

coupled enzymatic method for ALT uses what enzyme?

A

LDH

41
Q

pH of coupled enzymatic method

A

7.3 - 7.8

42
Q

what is the product?

Pyruvate + NADH + H – LDH

A

Lactate + NAD

43
Q

what is the product

Alanine + alpha ketoglutarate — ALT

A

Pyruvate + glutamate

44
Q

catalyzes the glutamyl groups between peptides through linkage at a gamma carboxyl group

A

gamma glutamyl transferase

45
Q

gamma glutamyl transferase also known as?

A

gamma glutamyl transpeptidase or gamma glutamyl transaminase peptidase

46
Q

a sensitive indicator of alcoholism

A

gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
gamma glutamyl transferase

high sensitivity for test of alcoholism other than ALT

47
Q

major sources of gamma glutamyl transferase

HKPPB

A
  • hepatic cells
  • kidney
  • prostate
  • pancreas
  • brain
48
Q

clinical significance of gamma glutamyl transferase

HAD

A
  • hepatic disorders
  • alcoholism
  • drug overdose
49
Q

GGT method and absorbance

A

spectrophotometric method
absorbance: 405 nm

50
Q

what is the product of the GGT spectrophotometric method?

A

gamma glutamyl-p-nitroaniline -> p-nitroaniline

51
Q

catalyzes the hydrolysis of most ribonucleoside 5’ - monophosphate and deoxynucleoside 5’ - monophosphate to the corresponding nucleoside and orthophosphate

A

5’ nucleotidase

52
Q

which enzyme does not undergo protein metabolism?

A

5’ nucleotidase

53
Q

5’ nucleotidase also known as?

A

Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolase

54
Q

marker of hepatobiliary disease and infiltrative lesions of the liver

A

5’ nucleotidase

55
Q

5’ nucleotidase method

A

spectrophotometry

56
Q

a prostatic enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of several orthophosphoric monoesters to yield the corresponding alcohol and inorganic phosphate

A

acid phosphatase

57
Q

optimum pH of acid phosphatase

A

4.4 - 7.0

58
Q

this enzyme is used as a marker in medicolegal cases

A

acid phosphatase

59
Q

acid phosphatase also known as?

A

acid orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase

60
Q

major sources of acid phosphatase

A
  • prostate
  • liver
  • kidneys
  • rbc
  • platelets
  • osteoclastic cells
61
Q

clinical significance of acid phosphatase

PMNOHGCPH

A
  • prostatic
  • marker of prostatic carcinoma
  • non-prostatic
  • osteoclastic
  • hematologic
  • granulocytic leukemia
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • plasma cell leukemia
  • hairy cell leukemia
62
Q

enumerate the non-prostatic diseases that utilizes the enzyme acid phosphatase

A
  • Gaucher’s disease
  • Niemann-pick disease
63
Q

enumerate the osteoclastic diseases that utilizes the enzyme acid phosphatase

A
  • hyperthyroidism
  • Paget’s disease
  • multiple myeloma
64
Q

enumerate the ACP methods

Acid Phosphatase

A
  • Bodansky method
  • King-Armstrong
  • Bessey-Lowry-Brock
  • Roy and Hillman
  • Babson, Read and Philips
65
Q

reference method for ALP

A

Bessy, Lowry, Brock, Bowers, McComb

subtrate: P-nitrophenyl phosphate
product: P-nitrophenol

66
Q

normal values for ALP

A

30-90 u/L

67
Q

coenzyme for ALT

A

vitamin B6

68
Q

this enzyme is used to monitor the change in absorbance of karmen method in AST

A

malate dehydrogenase

CC2 lab semi finals (7 decks)

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