electrolytes 2

Question 1

why regulation of H+ is needed?

Answer 1

all activities of almost all enzyme systems are influenced by H+ concentration

Question 2

H+ concentrations are kept at low levels ___

Answer 2

0.00004 mEq/L

Question 3

hydrogen concentration is expressed in?

Answer 3

pH units

Question 4

pH is ___ to the H+ concentration

Answer 4

inversely related

Question 5

normal pH of arterial blood

Answer 5

7.4

Question 6

normal pH of venous blood

Answer 6

7.35

Question 7

single free proton released form a hydrogen atom

Answer 7

hydrogen ion

Question 8

systems that regulate H+ concentration

Answer 8

• buffer systems
• respiratory regulation
• the kidneys (renal regulation)

Question 9

limits pH changes when strong acids/bases are introduced

any substance that can reversibly bind h+

Answer 9

buffer

Question 10

examples of buffer

Answer 10

• bicarbonate
• proteins
• phosphate buffers

Question 11

main extracellular buffer that is affected by lungs and kidneys

Answer 11

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid buffer system

Question 12

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid buffer system is accelerated by?

Answer 12

carbonic anhydrase

Question 13

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid buffer system (formula (?))

Answer 13

CO2 + H2O <—> H2CO3 <—> H+ + HCO3

Question 14

second line of defense against acid-base disturbances is control of?

Answer 14

extracellular fluid CO2

Question 15

what mechanism?

alveolar ventilation provides the oxygen needed for oxidative metabolism and eliminates the CO2 produced by metabolic process

Answer 15

respiratory regulation

Question 16

eliminates CO2 from the ecf reducing the H+ concentreration

Answer 16

hyperventilation

Question 17

elevates CO2 in the ecf, increasing the H+ concentration

Answer 17

hypoventilation

Question 18

all variation of body fluid hydrogen ion concentration stimulate the appropriate?

Answer 18

regulatory process in the kidneys

renal regulation

Question 19

main functions of the renal regulation

Answer 19

• excretion of acids
• retention of bicarbonates

Question 20

continue to first slide of compensation :)