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endo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ENDO 1

general functions of endo

enumerate

endocrinology is the study of hormones

A
  • regulatory: constancy of chemicals
  • morphogenesis: growth/development
  • integrative: sense of emotion
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2
Q

ENDO 1

endocrine glands release hormones to blood by —

A

diffusion

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3
Q

ENDO 1

endocrine glands could be strictly endocrine or organs that have hormone production as one of its function.

true or false

endocrine is a ductless glands

A

TRUE

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4
Q

ENDO 1

lomg distance chemical signals

A

hormone

hormone is fast-acting.

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5
Q

ENDO 1

hormone is from the greek word hormon means —

A

to set in motion

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6
Q

ENDO 1

hormones are secreted by cells to?

A

extracellular fluid

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7
Q

ENDO 1

hormone regulat metabolic functions by —

enumerate

A
  • provide changes in membrane permeability
  • stimulate protein synthesis
  • regulatory molecules
  • activate or deactivate enzyme
  • induce secretory activity
  • stimulate mitosis
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8
Q

ENDO 1

enumerate the stimulus

A
  • humoral stimulus
  • hormonal stimulus
  • neural stimulus
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9
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released because of criticial levels of ions/nutrients

A

humoral stimulus

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10
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released caused by neural input

A

neural stimulus

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11
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released caused by another hormone

A

hormonal stimulus

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12
Q

ENDO 1

action categories

enumerate (8)

A
  • endocrine
  • paracrine
  • autocrine
  • juxtacrine
  • exocrine
  • neurocrine
  • neuroendocrine
  • neurotransmission
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13
Q

ENDO 1

chemical categories

enumerate (3)

A
  • steroids
  • polypeptides
  • amino acid derived
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14
Q

ENDO 1

enters circulation and binds specific cells at distant site to elicit response

synthesize in one location

A

endocrine

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15
Q

ENDO 1

enters intersitital spaces and binds specific receptor in adjacent gland for its effect. this is synthesized in?

A

paracrine

synthesized in endocrine cells

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16
Q

ENDO 1

enters in interstitial space and binds specific receptor cell of the origin to autoregulate its function

synthesized in endocrine cells

A

autocrine

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17
Q

ENDO 1

this remains associated with plasma membrane and acts on adjacent receptor by direct cell to cell

A

juxtacrine

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18
Q

ENDO 1

enumerate the action categories that are synthesized in the endocrine cells

A
  • paracrine
  • autocrine
  • juxtacrine
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19
Q

ENDO 1

action catgories that are synthesized in nerve endings

enumerate

A
  • neuroendocrine
  • neurotransmission
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20
Q

ENDO 1

thisi s released to lumen of gut, binds to cells of gut

A

exocrine

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21
Q

ENDO 1

this moves to extracellular space, binds to receptors in nearby cells for its action and it is synthesized in —

A

neurocrine

synthesized in neurons

22
Q

ENDO 1

this enters the circulation, interacts with receptor of cells of distant sites, synthesized in —

A

neuroendocrine

synthezied in nerve endings

23
Q

ENDO 1

crosses synapse and binds to receptors in another neuron affecting its action

synthesized in nerve endings

A

neurotransmission

24
Q

ENDO 1

half life of steroids

A

60 - 100 mins

25
# ENDO 1 precursor of steroid hormones
cholesterol
26
# ENDO 1 hydrophobic (non-water soluble) this refers to ---
steroids
27
# ENDO 1 examples of steroids | enumerate
- cortisol - progesterone - estrogen - testosterone - aldosterone
28
# ENDO 1 half life of polypeptides
5 - 60 mins
29
# ENDO 1 steroids are water soluble so it circulate freely and secreted only when needed | true or false
FALSE, steroids are non-water soluble **polypeptides**
30
# ENDO 1 examples of polypeptides | enumerate
- PTH - insulin - LH - FSH - TSH - TRH - ACTH - Prolactin - GH - Calcitonin
31
# ENDO 1 polypeptides circulate freely and is bound to proteins | true or false
TRUE
32
# ENDO 1 examples of amino acid derived | enumerate
- epinephrine - norepinephrine - T3 - T4
33
# ENDO 1 mechanism of hormone action | enumerate
- cell surface receptors - nuclear receptors
34
# ENDO 1 this receptor produce changes in membrane permeability which stimulate synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules
cell surface receptors
35
# ENDO 1 nuclear receptors induce secretory activity and stimulate mitosis | true or false
FALSE **cell surface receptors**
36
# ENDO 1 this receptor can activate or deactivate enzymes
cell surface receptors
37
# ENDO 1 this receptor diffuse into the cell, where it binds to intracellular receptors, migrate to nucleus and activate specific target sequences of DNA
nuclear receptors
38
# ENDO 1 cyclal patterns of hormone release
biorhythms
39
# ENDO 1 enumerate the biorythms of hormone
- circadian/diurnal - infradian - ultradian
40
# ENDO 1 cyclal patterns of hormone release: **occur over a period of time greater than 24 hrs**
infradian
41
# ENDO 1 cells must have receptors for hormones, this refers to ---
target cell specificity
42
# ENDO 1 hormone concentraction is controlled by --- | enumerate
- rate of production/synthesis - efficiency of delivery - metabolism
43
# ENDO 1 some peptide hormones are produced by cleavage/break-up from large proteins, this refers to ---
rate of production/synthesis
44
# ENDO 1 hydrophilic, no need of carrier and usually in low concentractions. this refers to --- | identify (efficiency of delivery)
proteins
45
# ENDO 1 proteins are hydrophilic except **GH** --- insulin-like growth factors and neuropophysis | true or false
TRUE
46
# ENDO 1 when it comes to the efficiency of delivery, these are hydrophobic, from cholesterol and needs a carrier protein. this refers to ---
steroids
47
# ENDO 1 interaction of hormones to target cells | enumerate
- permissiveness - synergism - antagonism
48
# ENDO 1 when 1 hormone cannot exert its full effect, without another hormone being present. this refers to what interaction fo hormones?
permissiveness
49
# ENDO 1 this interaction refers to more than one hormone produce same effects on target cells
synergism
50
# ENDO 1 this interaction of hormone refers to one hormone opposes the action of another hormone
antagonism
51
# ENDO 1 target cell specificity: response depends on --- | enumerate
- blood levels of hormones - number of receptors - affinity of receptors to hormones

CC2 lab semi finals (7 decks)

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