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CC2 lab semi finals > endo 1 > Flashcards

endo 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ENDO 1

general functions of endo

enumerate

endocrinology is the study of hormones

A
  • regulatory: constancy of chemicals
  • morphogenesis: growth/development
  • integrative: sense of emotion
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2
Q

ENDO 1

endocrine glands release hormones to blood by —

A

diffusion

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3
Q

ENDO 1

endocrine glands could be strictly endocrine or organs that have hormone production as one of its function.

true or false

endocrine is a ductless glands

A

TRUE

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4
Q

ENDO 1

lomg distance chemical signals

A

hormone

hormone is fast-acting.

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5
Q

ENDO 1

hormone is from the greek word hormon means —

A

to set in motion

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6
Q

ENDO 1

hormones are secreted by cells to?

A

extracellular fluid

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7
Q

ENDO 1

hormone regulat metabolic functions by —

enumerate

A
  • provide changes in membrane permeability
  • stimulate protein synthesis
  • regulatory molecules
  • activate or deactivate enzyme
  • induce secretory activity
  • stimulate mitosis
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8
Q

ENDO 1

enumerate the stimulus

A
  • humoral stimulus
  • hormonal stimulus
  • neural stimulus
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9
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released because of criticial levels of ions/nutrients

A

humoral stimulus

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10
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released caused by neural input

A

neural stimulus

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11
Q

ENDO 1

this stimulus is released caused by another hormone

A

hormonal stimulus

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12
Q

ENDO 1

action categories

enumerate (8)

A
  • endocrine
  • paracrine
  • autocrine
  • juxtacrine
  • exocrine
  • neurocrine
  • neuroendocrine
  • neurotransmission
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13
Q

ENDO 1

chemical categories

enumerate (3)

A
  • steroids
  • polypeptides
  • amino acid derived
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14
Q

ENDO 1

enters circulation and binds specific cells at distant site to elicit response

synthesize in one location

A

endocrine

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15
Q

ENDO 1

enters intersitital spaces and binds specific receptor in adjacent gland for its effect. this is synthesized in?

A

paracrine

synthesized in endocrine cells

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16
Q

ENDO 1

enters in interstitial space and binds specific receptor cell of the origin to autoregulate its function

synthesized in endocrine cells

A

autocrine

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17
Q

ENDO 1

this remains associated with plasma membrane and acts on adjacent receptor by direct cell to cell

A

juxtacrine

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18
Q

ENDO 1

enumerate the action categories that are synthesized in the endocrine cells

A
  • paracrine
  • autocrine
  • juxtacrine
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19
Q

ENDO 1

action catgories that are synthesized in nerve endings

enumerate

A
  • neuroendocrine
  • neurotransmission
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20
Q

ENDO 1

thisi s released to lumen of gut, binds to cells of gut

A

exocrine

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21
Q

ENDO 1

this moves to extracellular space, binds to receptors in nearby cells for its action and it is synthesized in —

A

neurocrine

synthesized in neurons

22
Q

ENDO 1

this enters the circulation, interacts with receptor of cells of distant sites, synthesized in —

A

neuroendocrine

synthezied in nerve endings

23
Q

ENDO 1

crosses synapse and binds to receptors in another neuron affecting its action

synthesized in nerve endings

A

neurotransmission

24
Q

ENDO 1

half life of steroids

A

60 - 100 mins

25
Q

ENDO 1

precursor of steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

26
Q

ENDO 1

hydrophobic (non-water soluble)
this refers to —

A

steroids

27
Q

ENDO 1

examples of steroids

enumerate

A
  • cortisol
  • progesterone
  • estrogen
  • testosterone
  • aldosterone
28
Q

ENDO 1

half life of polypeptides

A

5 - 60 mins

29
Q

ENDO 1

steroids are water soluble so it circulate freely and secreted only when needed

true or false

A

FALSE, steroids are non-water soluble
polypeptides

30
Q

ENDO 1

examples of polypeptides

enumerate

A
  • PTH
  • insulin
  • LH
  • FSH
  • TSH
  • TRH
  • ACTH
  • Prolactin
  • GH
  • Calcitonin
31
Q

ENDO 1

polypeptides circulate freely and is bound to proteins

true or false

A

TRUE

32
Q

ENDO 1

examples of amino acid derived

enumerate

A
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • T3
  • T4
33
Q

ENDO 1

mechanism of hormone action

enumerate

A
  • cell surface receptors
  • nuclear receptors
34
Q

ENDO 1

this receptor produce changes in membrane permeability which stimulate synthesis of proteins or regulatory molecules

A

cell surface receptors

35
Q

ENDO 1

nuclear receptors induce secretory activity and stimulate mitosis

true or false

A

FALSE
cell surface receptors

36
Q

ENDO 1

this receptor can activate or deactivate enzymes

A

cell surface receptors

37
Q

ENDO 1

this receptor diffuse into the cell, where it binds to intracellular receptors, migrate to nucleus and activate specific target sequences of DNA

A

nuclear receptors

38
Q

ENDO 1

cyclal patterns of hormone release

A

biorhythms

39
Q

ENDO 1

enumerate the biorythms of hormone

A
  • circadian/diurnal
  • infradian
  • ultradian
40
Q

ENDO 1

cyclal patterns of hormone release: occur over a period of time greater than 24 hrs

A

infradian

41
Q

ENDO 1

cells must have receptors for hormones, this refers to —

A

target cell specificity

42
Q

ENDO 1

hormone concentraction is controlled by —

enumerate

A
  • rate of production/synthesis
  • efficiency of delivery
  • metabolism
43
Q

ENDO 1

some peptide hormones are produced by cleavage/break-up from large proteins, this refers to —

A

rate of production/synthesis

44
Q

ENDO 1

hydrophilic, no need of carrier and usually in low concentractions. this refers to —

identify (efficiency of delivery)

A

proteins

45
Q

ENDO 1

proteins are hydrophilic except GH — insulin-like growth factors and neuropophysis

true or false

A

TRUE

46
Q

ENDO 1

when it comes to the efficiency of delivery, these are hydrophobic, from cholesterol and needs a carrier protein. this refers to —

A

steroids

47
Q

ENDO 1

interaction of hormones to target cells

enumerate

A
  • permissiveness
  • synergism
  • antagonism
48
Q

ENDO 1

when 1 hormone cannot exert its full effect, without another hormone being present. this refers to what interaction fo hormones?

A

permissiveness

49
Q

ENDO 1

this interaction refers to more than one hormone produce same effects on target cells

A

synergism

50
Q

ENDO 1

this interaction of hormone refers to one hormone opposes the action of another hormone

A

antagonism

51
Q

ENDO 1

target cell specificity:
response depends on —

enumerate

A
  • blood levels of hormones
  • number of receptors
  • affinity of receptors to hormones

CC2 lab semi finals (7 decks)

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