Enzymes (Roles in Metabolism, key parts, key points, key names and properties). Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are catalysts that are produced by living things.
A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being CHANGED, or USED UP in the reaction.
Enzymes are all large proteins made up of chains of amino acids. They are also folded into unique shapes, which enzymes need to carry out their functions.
Why couldn’t amylase work in the stomach?
Because, like all other enzymes, it can only work at a certain temperature (optimum temperature) and pH (optimum pH) before it denatures.
What are the enzymes that you have heard of, what they digest, where they work and where they are produced?
Protease is an enzyme that digests proteins into amino acids; it is produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine; and works in the stomach and the small intestine.
Lipase is an enzyme that digests lipids into fatty acids and glycerol; it is produced in the pancreas and small intestine; and works in the small intestine.
Carbohydrase ( e.g. Amylase) is an enzyme that digests carbohydrates into simple sugars; it is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas; and works in the mouth and the small intestine.
Protease is an enzyme that digests proteins into amino acids; it is produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine; and works in the stomach and the small intestine.
What is the process of the “lock and key theory” ?
First to begin with , an enzyme has a specific shaped active site that helps the substrate fit in the enzymes active site.
Firstly the substrate and the active site of the enzyme molecule react together forming an enzyme substrate complex.
Then due to to the catalysed reaction from the enzyme, the bonds in the substrate begin to weaken.
Then products are released after the reaction.
What is metabolism ?
Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a body or cell.
