enzymes DEFINITELY IN EXAM Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

2 models of enzyme action

A

lock and key model

induced fit model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define lock and key model

A

substrate has to fit perfectly in the active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define induced fit model

A

enzyme changes shape as it binds to the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

suggest 2 reasons why we can’t just make our cells ever warmer to increase rate of reactions

A
  • heating our cells would require a lot of energy
  • higher temperatures damage our cells
  • higher temperature speed up non useful reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain how increasing temperature causes an enzymes to denature

A
  • high temperatures start to break the holding the enzymes together
  • enzyme and it’s active site changes shape
  • the enzymes active site will no longer be complementary to the substrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

factors that affect enzymes

A
  • after 37 degrees Celsius most enzymes start to change (denature)
    active site of enzymes changes too so the substrate doesn’t fit active site
    optimum temperature= optimum rate of enzymes
  • pH
    optimum pH depends on what part of the body the enzyme works in
    most enzymes work best at pH of 7
    in stomach the enzymes work best at a pH of 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you figure out the rate of reaction

A

rate of reaction = how much a product or reactant changes by/ time it took change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. what enzyme is starch broken down by
  2. where is this enzyme found in the body
  3. what product is formed after starch is broken down
A
  1. amylase
  2. salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
  3. simple sugars
    maltose (into maltase into glucose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. what enzyme are proteins broken down by
  2. where is this found enzyme in the body
  3. what product is formed after protein is broken down
A
  1. protease
  2. stomach, pancreas, small intestine
  3. amino acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. what enzyme are lipids broken down by
  2. where is this enzyme found in the body
  3. what products are formed after protein is broken down
A
  1. lipase
  2. pancreas, small intestine
  3. glycerol and fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does bile help with the digestion of lipids

A
  • bile emulsifies the lipids

- which increases the surface area for lipase enzymes to break them down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the role of bile

A

bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
it is alkaline to neutralise the stomach acid
it emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increase the surface area.
the alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase
helps to speed up the digestion of lipids (IS NOT AN ENZYME- bile emulsifies the lipids, increases the surface area of the lipid droplets and increases the rate of lipid breakdown by lipase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are proteins long chains of

A

proteins long chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe a lipid molecule

A

lipid molecule consists of a molecule of glycerol attached to 3 molecules of fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

for most human body enzymes what is optimum temperature

A

37 degrees Celsius