Enzymes and Digestion

Question 1

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 1

Break down big molecules into smaller ones

Question 2

Name the big molecules. What is the issue with them?

Answer 2

Starch, proteins and fats

They’re too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system

Question 3

Name the smaller molecules. What’s good about them?

Answer 3

Sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids

They can pass easily through the walls of the digestive system

Question 4

What does Amylase do?

Answer 4

Converts starch into sugars

Question 5

Where is amylase made?

Answer 5

The salivary glands
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 6

What converts starch into sugars?

Answer 6

Amylase

Question 7

What does Protease do?

Answer 7

Converts proteins into amino acids

Question 8

What does Lipase do?

Answer 8

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 9

Where is Protease made?

Answer 9

The stomach (it's called pepsin there)
The pancreas 
The small intestine

Question 10

Where is Lipase made?

Answer 10

The pancreas

The small intestine

Question 11

What Converts proteins into amino acids?

Answer 11

Protease

Question 12

What Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 12

Lipase

Question 13

What does Bile do?

Answer 13

It neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 14

Where is bile produced, stored and then released?

Answer 14

Produced: Liver
Stored: Gall Bladder
Released Into: Small Intestine

Question 15

Why does bile need to neutralise stomach acid? How does it do it?

Answer 15

The hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the pH too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly. Bile is alkaline - it neutralises the aid and makes the conditions alkaline. The enzymes in the small intestine work best in these alkaline conditions

Question 16

Why does bile emulsify fats? How?

Answer 16

It breaks fat into tiny droplets. This gives it a much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on - which makes digestion faster

Question 17

The break down of food is [ ] by enzymes

Answer 17

Catalysed

Question 18

Enzymes used in the digestive system are produced by [ ] in glands in the [ ]

Answer 18

specialised cells

gut lining

Question 19

What do salivary glands do in the digestive system?

Answer 19

Produce amylase enzyme in the saliva

Question 20

What is another name for the gullet?

Answer 20

Oesophagus

Question 21

What does the liver do in the digestive system?

Answer 21

where bile is produced.

Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 22

What does the Gall bladder do in the digestive system?

Answer 22

Where bile is stored, before it’s released into the small intestine

Question 23

What does the Large Intestine do in the digestive system?

Answer 23

Where excess water is absorbed from food

Question 24

What does the small Intestine do in the digestive system?

Answer 24

1) Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
2) This is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood

Question 25

What does the Rectum do in the digestive system?

Answer 25

Where the faeces (made up of mainly indigestible food) are stored before they are released through the anus

Question 26

What does the pancreas do in the digestive system?

Answer 26

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. It releases these into the small intestine

Question 27

What does the stomach do in the digestive system?

Answer 27

1) It pummels the food with its muscular wall
2) It produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
3) It produce hydrochloric acid for 2 reasons:
- To kill bacteria
- To give the right pH for the protease enzyme work (pH 2 - acidic)