Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards
why are starch, proteins and fats broken down during digestion?
so they cam be easily absorbed into the bloodstream
what enzyme is starch broken down by?
amylase (a type of carbohydrase)
what is starch broken down into?
sugars like glucose, maltose and dextrins
where is amylase made?
•The salivary glands
•The pancreas
•The small intestine
what enzyme are proteins broken down by?
protease
what are proteins broken down into?
amino acids
where is protease made?
•the stomach (it is called pepsin there)
•the pancreas
•the small intestine
what are lipids?
fats and oils
what enzyme are lipids broken down by?
lipase
what are lipids broken down into?
fatty acids and glycerol
where is lipase made?
•The pancreas
•The small intestine
what happens with the products of digestion?
•they can be used to make new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
•glucose can be used in respiration
where is bile produced?
in the liver
where is bile stored?
the gall bladder before it is released into the small intestine
what is the role of bile?
•it neutralises acid in the stomach and makes the conditions more alkaline as enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions (the pH in the stomach is too acidic for them to work well)
•it emulsifies fats (breaks fat down into tiny droplets) to leave a much bigger surface area for lipase to work on- this speeds up digestion
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what is the role of the salivary gland in digestion?
these produce the amylase enzyme in the saliva
what is the role of the stomach in digestion?
•it pummels the food with its muscular walls
•it produces the protease enzyme (pepsin)
•it produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and to give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work
what is the role of the liver in digestion?
it is where bile is produced
what is the role of the gall bladder
in digestion?
it is where bile is stored before it is released into the small intestine
what is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
it is where excess water is absorbed from food leaving faeces
what is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes before releasing them into the small intestine
what is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
•it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
•it is where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system and into the blood
what is the role of the rectum in digestion?
it is where faeces are made (made up of indigestible foods) are stored before they pass through the anus
where in the digestive system does digestion take place?
•mouth
•stomach
•small intestine
what organ produces digestive juices?
glands e.g. pancreas, salivary gland
