Enzymes Flashcards
What structure to enzymes have?
Specific 3D tertiary structure, making them globular proteins
What is a substrate?
The chemical the enzyme works on
What is ESC?
Enzyme/Substrate Complex - join together and is very short lived
What’s the role of amylase?
Breaks down starch into maltose
What’s the role of maltase?
Breaks down maltose into glucose
What’s the role of catalase?
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2
What is metabolism?
Chemical reactions that take place in the body
What is metabolic rate?
The speed of chemical reactions in the body
What are the two types of metabolic process?
- Catabolic - breaking down (respiration)
2. Anabolic - building up (photosynthesis, protein synthesis)
What is the lock and key theory?
Enzymes only work on specific substrates
The active site on the enzyme is complimentary to the substrate - form ESC (temporary hydrogen bonds hold substrate in place)
Substrate broken down into products
What is the induced fit theory?
The enzyme shape changes slightly on binding with the substrate
How do enzymes work?
Enzymes lower the activation energy - reaction occurs quicker with less every demand
What are factors affecting enzyme controlled reactions? (5)
- Temperature
- pH
- Concentration of enzyme
- Concentration of substrate
- Chemical Inhibitors
What’s are chemical inhibitors?
Chemicals that will slow or stop a reaction
What are the two types of chemical inhibitors?
- Competitive inhibitors - compete for active site with substrate; complimentary of active site; Temporary Inhibition (slows reaction)
- Non-Competitive inhibitors - bind to enzyme at ALLOSTERIC SITE; alters enzymes tertiary structure and alters shape of active site; Permanent Inhibition
